PATH: 10-19 Congenital Heart Dz Flashcards

1
Q

A: There must be ______% Vascular Obstruction for Physiological adverse effect

B: Although small-moderate size [Ventricular septum defects] tend to close spontaneously during _______ ….these pts are at risk for developing _______​

A

A: There must be [Greater than 65%] Vascular Obstruction for Physiological adverse effect

B: Although small-moderate size [Ventricular septum defects] tend to close spontaneously during 1st few years of life…these pts are at risk for developing infective endocarditis

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2
Q

Defect in the ATRIAL septum (4)

A

FOSC

Atrial septum Defect (ASD)

  1. Fossa ovalis / secundum type - Common
  2. Ostium primum type- [endocardium cusion defect] near distal atrium tht affects mitral valve–> mitral regurgitation
  3. Sinus venosus or [proximal type of ASD] - UnCommon
  4. Coronary sinus type - rare
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3
Q

List the sx of a LARGE Septal Defect in the heart (2)

A
  • Volume Hypertrophy of R Vt / L Atrium / L Vt
  • Pressure of L Vt β€”> R Vt β€”> [R Vt Pressure Hypertrophy]
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4
Q

The pulmonary vascular tree is able to accommodate with INC pressure in pulmonary circuit.

However, pulmonary HTN may still develop from what 3 reasons?

B: pulmonary HTN is more commonly associated with which septal defect?

A
  1. Flow beyond distensibility of lung vasculature.
  2. Vasoconstriction of pulmonary vascular bed.
  3. Secondary pathologic changes in the Lung [intima and media] of [muscular arteries and arterioles] β€”> restrict pulmonary bed.

B: Large [Ventricular Septal Defects]

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5
Q

Eisenmenger Complex

A

Occurs when [L to R shunt] produces [R Vt Pressure Hypertrophy] and as a result DEC blood volume in the [L Vt] –> [L Vt Volume Atrophy]

[L Vt Volume Atrophy] will REVERSE the direction of shunt so that it now is a [R to L shunt]!

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6
Q

A: Describe Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

B: What 2 things may it cause?

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is an [autosomal dominant] inherited genetic disease–> asymmetrical septal hypertrophy of muscular septum.

B: This may produce

  • SubAortic obstruction
  • Sudden death
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7
Q

A: AORTA COARCTATION

B: Sx (3)

A

narrowing of transverse arch in the region of the isthmus (segment between origin of [left subclavian artery] and [ligamentum arteriosus] )

B:

  • [L Vt and atrial Pressure hypertrophy]
  • HTN proximal and distal to narrowing
  • Collateral anastomoses that bypass [aortic narrowing]
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8
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot is a shunt with obstruction

  • A: Name the 4 Sx*
  • B: Define Infundibulum and how it plays a role in* Tetralogy of Fallot
  • C: What are the 2 types of* Tetralogy of Fallot. Which is more common?
  • D: Which type is associated with [L β€”> R Shunt] that results in biventricular hypertrophy and INC pulmonary flow?*
A

” VOIR is French like… Fallot β€œ

  1. Infundibular pulmonary stenosis.
  2. Right ventricular hypertrophy.
  3. Ventricular septal defect (U-shaped deformity confluent w/aortic valve –> aortic valve can override defect)
  4. Overriding Aorta.

B: Outflow tract of R Ventricle that consist of septal and parietal [muscle band groups]. Can become hypertrophied β€”> [Infundibular pulmonary stenosis]

C: Cyanotic (MOST COMMON and caused by [infundibular pulmonary obstruction]) vs. Acyanotic

D: Acyanotic

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