PATH: 10-19 Congenital Heart Dz Flashcards
A: There must be ______% Vascular Obstruction for Physiological adverse effect
B: Although small-moderate size [Ventricular septum defects] tend to close spontaneously during _______ β¦.these pts are at risk for developing _______β
A: There must be [Greater than 65%] Vascular Obstruction for Physiological adverse effect
B: Although small-moderate size [Ventricular septum defects] tend to close spontaneously during 1st few years of lifeβ¦these pts are at risk for developing infective endocarditis
Defect in the ATRIAL septum (4)
FOSC
Atrial septum Defect (ASD)
- Fossa ovalis / secundum type - Common
- Ostium primum type- [endocardium cusion defect] near distal atrium tht affects mitral valveβ> mitral regurgitation
- Sinus venosus or [proximal type of ASD] - UnCommon
- Coronary sinus type - rare
List the sx of a LARGE Septal Defect in the heart (2)
- Volume Hypertrophy of R Vt / L Atrium / L Vt
- Pressure of L Vt β> R Vt β> [R Vt Pressure Hypertrophy]
The pulmonary vascular tree is able to accommodate with INC pressure in pulmonary circuit.
However, pulmonary HTN may still develop from what 3 reasons?
B: pulmonary HTN is more commonly associated with which septal defect?
- Flow beyond distensibility of lung vasculature.
- Vasoconstriction of pulmonary vascular bed.
- Secondary pathologic changes in the Lung [intima and media] of [muscular arteries and arterioles] β> restrict pulmonary bed.
B: Large [Ventricular Septal Defects]
Eisenmenger Complex
Occurs when [L to R shunt] produces [R Vt Pressure Hypertrophy] and as a result DEC blood volume in the [L Vt] β> [L Vt Volume Atrophy]
[L Vt Volume Atrophy] will REVERSE the direction of shunt so that it now is a [R to L shunt]!
A: Describe Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
B: What 2 things may it cause?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is an [autosomal dominant] inherited genetic diseaseβ> asymmetrical septal hypertrophy of muscular septum.
B: This may produce
- SubAortic obstruction
- Sudden death
A: AORTA COARCTATION
B: Sx (3)
narrowing of transverse arch in the region of the isthmus (segment between origin of [left subclavian artery] and [ligamentum arteriosus] )
B:
- [L Vt and atrial Pressure hypertrophy]
- HTN proximal and distal to narrowing
- Collateral anastomoses that bypass [aortic narrowing]
Tetralogy of Fallot is a shunt with obstruction
- A: Name the 4 Sx*
- B: Define Infundibulum and how it plays a role in* Tetralogy of Fallot
- C: What are the 2 types of* Tetralogy of Fallot. Which is more common?
- D: Which type is associated with [L β> R Shunt] that results in biventricular hypertrophy and INC pulmonary flow?*
β VOIR is French likeβ¦ Fallot β
- Infundibular pulmonary stenosis.
- Right ventricular hypertrophy.
- Ventricular septal defect (U-shaped deformity confluent w/aortic valve β> aortic valve can override defect)
- Overriding Aorta.
B: Outflow tract of R Ventricle that consist of septal and parietal [muscle band groups]. Can become hypertrophied β> [Infundibular pulmonary stenosis]
C: Cyanotic (MOST COMMON and caused by [infundibular pulmonary obstruction]) vs. Acyanotic
D: Acyanotic