PH26-27: Waste Management Flashcards
What are the categories of TSE infectivity?
What specified risk material are removed from cattle?
All ages:
- Tonsils (including part of the tongue),
- The last 4 metres of the small intestine, ◦ The caecum,
- Mesentery.
Over 12 months:
- Skull excluding the mandible and including the brain and eye ◦ Spinal cord.
Over 30 months:
- Vertebral column including the dorsal root ganglia, but excluding vertebrae of the tail spinous and transverse process of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae median sacral crest and wings of the sacrum.
What specified risk material are removed from sheep and goats?
All ages:
◦ The spleen and the ileum.
Over 12 months (or permanent incisor erupted):
◦ Skull, including the brain and eyes (does not include horns), ◦ Tonsils,
◦ Spinal cord.
What different class of animals must be monitored for TSEs?
- Bovine animals over 48 months if emergency slaughter at the farm or sick at AMI in the lairage,
- Bovines not for Human Consumption (HC) – Fallen Stock,
- Some ovine / caprine slaughtered for HC,
- Ovine / caprine not for HC,
- Monitoring of infected flocks (Scrapie).
Define Animal By Product and Edible Co-Product.
ABP: entire bodies or parts of animals or products of animal origin referred to as Cat 1, 2, 3 material NOT intended for HC
ECP: Parts of the slaughtered animal, unsuitable for human consumption when they are produced at the slaughterhouse, but which can later be processed for use in human food
Define ABP Cat 1 Material
- Carcases and associated parts suspected or confirmed as being infected with TSE
- Specific Risk Material from non-suspect animals
- Products derived from animals to which substances prohibited have been administered and products of animal origin containing residues of environmental contaminants and other substances
- CAtering waste from airports and ports
- Stained Blue
Define ABP Cat 2 Material.
- Carcases or materials that are not presented for or fail post mortem inspection or show signs of communicable diseases to humans or animals,
- Products of animal origin containing residues of veterinary drugs and contaminants,
- Manure and digestive tract content.
- Stained Black
Define ABP Cat 3 Material
- Includes those materials which have been subject to ante and post mortem inspection and passed but for a variety of reasons are not intended for human consumption.
- Includes unwanted trimmings, quality failures (e.g. colour) and minor contamination that does not pose a risk to human or animal health. But also offal affected by mild lungworm and fluke.
Describe the containers for storage of ABP.
Must be leakproof, impervious, lidded, labelled
Bins stored in separate room - capable of being locked
Letters on labels minimum of 2cm high
Storage of ABP does not pose risk to fresh meat
Bins/skips kept clean
Describe the requirements regarding waste water.
- Drain traps or gratings with a maximum size of 6mm are in place to collect cat. 2 material from non ruminant processing plant (poultry and pigs).
- If waste water is discharged to a sewer in plants processing ruminant carcases the premises has drain traps or gratings with a maximum size of 4mm in place.
What are the edible co-products?
Animal fats and greaves
Stomachs, bladders, and instestines
Gelatine
Collagen
Define rendering
‘extracting non-proteic fat from meat by melting (heat treatment)’
Define greaves.
Protein residue of the rendering process, after separation of fat and water.
What are the sources of fat?
Peri-renal, brisket, omental
Deine: tripe, blanket, book/bible, honeycomb, reed, maws
- Tripe: stomach of domestic animals.
- Blanket: rumen.
- Book/ Bible: omasum.
- Honeycomb: reticulum.
- Reed: abomasum.
- Maws: pork tripe.
Define runners
intestines which have been separated from stomachs and mesentery and have had their contents removed.
Describe casings
Runners which have been processed to remove all the layers of the intestines apart from the sub- mucosa (mainly collagen and elastic fibres). Casings are used primarily in the production of sausages.
Define chitterline
large intestine, and often the stomach (maws), of the pig that are cooked and used as food.
Define gelatines
Natural and soluble protein obtained from partial hydrolysis of collagen produced from bones, hide and skins, tendons and sinews of slaughtered animals.
Describe tripe production
Describe casing production
What is Biochemical Oxygen Demand?
BOD is used to show the polluting strength of livestock manures and organic wastes. It is a measure (in mg/litre) of the amount of oxygen needed by micro-organisms to break down organic material.
Define Hazardous waste
Waste that may be harmful to human health or the environment
- All types of asbestos
- veterinary medicines
- fluorescent light tubes
- lead-acid batteries
- oily sludges
- pesticides and herbicides ◦ solvents
How do you dispose of dead animals?
If the farmer arranges disposal of carcasses by himself, must ensure that they go to an:
- APHA approved renderer or incinerator or licensed knacker’s yard.
- APHA approved hunt kennel for use as dog feed.
Farmers must not bury or burn animal carcasses or parts of animal carcasses on the farm
Animal carcasses may only be buried in very limited circumstances, for example for emergency disease control or if they are located in areas designated as ‘remote areas’ in the Animal By-Products Regulations.
What is a low-capacity incinerator?
If the incinerator has a capacity to incinerate more than 50kg of carcasses per hour, an additional environmental permit is required from the environmental regulator.
