PH - Community Centred Approaches Flashcards
Define community
Groups of people sharing a common characteristic or affinity such as neighbourhood or faith.
Bonds, interests and identities that join people together or give a shared place in society.
How do communities affect health?
Social connections compared to loneliness - good for wellbeing - mental and physical
Mimic habits (including health) of people in out community - role model people similar to us.
How does health inequaltiies relate to communities?
Communities often share:
Socio-economic factors
Geography
Characteristics (ethnicity, sexuality)
Socially excluded groups
What are some common communities that are victims of health inequalities?
Learning disabilities - life expectancy
Homeless - life expectancy
Black people - infant and maternal mortality
Traveller
LGBT - mental health
South Asian groups - diabetes
What is meant by a community-centered approach?
Utilising resources already within the community to empower the community to access and improve their health, increase their control over their health decisions and target specific needs that may not be direct health care system related e.g lack of green space.
Why is community work relavant to the NHS?
NHS aims to support healthier communities and integrated health care systems
Primary care networks - should collaborate with local stakeholders
Local partnerships are essential to NHS Long term plan and tackling health inequalities.
What are the principles underlying community-centred practices?
- Promoting health and well-being in community settings, rather than service settings
- Finding and mobilising assets in communities
- Promote equity in health by working with individuals who face barriers
- Inc individuals control over their health
- Use participatory methods to increase engagement in health care.
What are the key buzz words of community-centred approaches?
Equity
Control and voice
Social connectedness
Confident and connected communities
Why is a bottom up approach more useful for tackling health problems?
Social networks influence health behaviours.
Community engagement and outreach -> better change behaviour
Peer support and sense of belonging key components of health and wellbeing.
What is the family of community-centred approaches?
- Strengthening communities
- Volunteer and peer roles
- Collaborations and partnerships
- Access to community resources
What is meant by strengthening communities in public health?
Identifying and using the existing strengths of a community (skills, assets and strengths)
Using this to improve health
What is a deficits approach to health?
Starts with deficiencies and needs
Treats the illness and the symptoms
React to problems
Do to
People consume health services
Emphasise role of professionals and agencies
Fix broken people
What is the assets-based approach to health care?
Starts with strengths and potentials -> the assets of communities and individuals
Promote wellbeing and positive health - whole person
Foster strength and assets to prevent problems
Work alongside patients - co-produce health outcomes
Focus on community networks
Empower people to take control of their lives and health
What are the different categories in asset based mapping?
Environmental - green space, unused land, transport
Institutional and governmental - services and control (parks, faith building)
Organisational and groups - formal and informal - football clubs, pub quiz teams
Individual - skills, knowledge, time, interests and passions.
What are the roles of volunteers in the NHS?
Two way benefit for volunteers and services
Community settings - wellbeing activities
Acute hospital care - language, guides around hospitals, assistance with meals
Mental health care - buddy systems
Palliative care - bereavement counselling
Home care - reduce isolation
Care homes - activities, game days etc
What are the benefits of volunteering in health and social care?
Improving the experience of care and support
Strengthening the relationship between services and communities
Improving public health and reducing health inequalities
Supporting integrated care for people with multiple physical/mental health needs.
What is meant by Health Champions in the NHS?
Trained volunteers in the community
Talk around health promotion
Draw on own experience and knowledge of communities to in spite and support people in community to make positive lifestyle changes and engage with local services
What are some examples of volunteer organisations supporting health of communities?
Cinnamon trust - help care for pets, e.g walking for elderly patients - allows patients to keep pets tackling isolation
Timebanking - exchange hours of time for skills e.g help with online forms and help with gardening - social and practical
Befriending - tackle isolation.
What is important about participatory approaches in research?
Bringing the subjects into research - ensure outcomes and findings are relatable, accurate and applicable in the community.
For example: Improving Muslim Women Cancer Screening Uptake.
How is access to community resources used in medial care?
- Social prescribing -> tackles wider social needs - connects via link workers social or non-clinical needs for opportunities for social interaction, learning and activities.
- Community hubs -> bring groups of people and services together - enables to make connection
What are Deep End GP practices?
In areas of severe deprivation - require targeted interventions, social prescribing and engaging in communities to improve health in their catchment area.
What is the summary of the purpose of community-centred approaches?
Social determinants of health
Reduce health inequalities
Engage those most at risk of poor health
Empower people to have a greater say in their lives and health
Create connected and resilient communities.
