PH Flashcards
9 Healthy living services
Smoking Obesity Alcohol
Physical activity Sexual health Men’s health
Substance misuse Minor ailments Long-term conditions
The three levels that comprise the
tiered framework are
promotion (Level 1), prevention (Level 2) and protection (Level 3)
Healthy Living Champion
1trained
and accredited to provide customers with health and wellbeing advice
2must be appointed to support the important health and wellbeing role of the HLP - does training course
Medical approach to health primary secondary and tertiary
Primary (prevent onset of disease) – e.g. immunisation
Secondary (identifying disease at an early stage to prevent disease progression) – e.g. cervical screening
Tertiary (reducing further disability and suffering in those already ill) – e.g. rehabilitation
Behavior change approach is…
2 problems…
Tells people to change
Blame? Assumes people can change?
Education approach… eg…
Doesn’t try to persuade. Increases knowledge
eg. smoking kills
2 disadvantages of education (such as smoking kills)?
Convinces those who are already aligned with those beliefs
Unmotivated MAY become interested through a peripheral route
Empowerment approach
People identify their own concerns and gain skills to act upon them.
Individual/community level with health promoter to catalyst
2 eg. of social change approach
smoking ban in pubs
vending machines band in schools
problems with the empowerment approach
vague positive benifits
Social change approach
social, policy & environment change. Focuses on the causes of ill health
5 Change approaches
Social Behaviour Enpowerment Education Medical
Health is
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Standardised Mortality Ratio (SMR)
= death rate taking into account differences in age structure compared to what would be expected in this group if national averages applied
Overall average for England = 100
SMR < 100 implies lower mortality
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
= number of deaths in the first year of life per 1000 live births
Objective measures of health
-Health indicators
Height
Weight
Dental health (decayed teeth)
-Behaviour indicators:
No. smoking/drinking/exercising/druging
-Environmental: air/water/housing quality/density
-Socio-economic factors: wealth
Subjective measures of heath
- Funcitonal ability
- Health status
- Psycological wellbeing
- Social networks & support
Functional ability
is the ability to perform everyday tasks
How to measure health status
-Short form 36 Health Survey (SF-36)
QALY
Quality of life
What is QUALY?
life expectancy with adjustment for the quality of the remaining life years
PROM
patient record outcome measures - Standardised, validated questionnaires that are completed by patients to measure their perceptions of their own functional status and well-being’
When is PROM used
before and after elective surgery
There is good evidence for pharmacy PH improvement in what areas
CV BP heart failure (reduce hospitalization) diabetes asthma smoking
EHC - are we helping?
Women like it. But does it change our behaviour? Does it decrease pregnancy?
Substance misuse - are we helping?
No evidence
Alcohol/chamydia/immunisation/obesity are we helping?
no evidcence
Minor aliments are we helping?
Relieves the GP burden but dont know if it improve health
