Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Morphology > Pg15-27 > Flashcards

Pg15-27 Flashcards

1
Q

Morphologically complex

A

meaning they have words that combine lots of morphemes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Morphologically simple

A

meaning that they usually do not combine morphemes within words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Language with the simplest morphological system would have no ____.

A

morphology at all.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Spanish & English both use morphology to express:

also, express grammatical info:

A

tense, aspects, or plurality

tense, case, gender, mood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Inflectional suffix

A

to alter the tense or aspect of the sentence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Language with almost NO morphology

A

Mandarin Chinese

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How to read transcription:

  • 1st line:
  • 2nd line:
  • 3rd line:
A

1st: object language
2nd: morpheme by morpheme translation
3rd: semantic translation; metalanguage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Object language

A

language being analyzed or commented on.

The language under analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Metalanguage

A

language used for analysis.

The language one uses to perform analysis (on an object language)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

isolating

A

language that has little or no morphological marking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

polysynthetic

A

Language that marks most or all grammatical functions on word forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

analytic language

A

Language that marks grammatical function primarily through syntax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

synthetic language

A

employs morphology more than syntax to indicate grammatical relations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

analytic/synthetic Continuum

A

Continuum that typologists use to classify languages according to morphological “richness.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

English closer to:

Spanish closer to:

A

isolating/analytic

synthetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Main division in the chart

and most important distinction among morphemes

A

Lexical/ Semantic

Grammatical/ Functional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

All morphemes can be classified as either

A

bound or free

root and affix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The subdivisions that fall below the Lexical/semantic vs. Grammatical functional distinction are essentially?

A

a consequence of variation in morphology allowed by UG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Most important division:

A

Lexical (or semantic) morphemes are morphemes that carry info about the world.

20
Q

Grammatical/ functional morphemes carry

A

little or no semantic information but rather, give instruction for how the lexical items are to be related to each other or interpreted with respect to features such as tense/aspect, person, number, or grammatical function (subject, object).

21
Q

Open class ( which are & definition)

A

Lexical morphemes

new members can always be added

22
Q

Closed class( which are& definition)

A

Grammatical morphemes

grammatical items rarely enter or leave a language

23
Q

How is grammar encoded?

A

encoded genetically by UG.

24
Q

Free and Bound what does it refer to:

A

to whether a morpheme can occur by itself as a word or not.

25
Q

Most derivation and inflection are what?

A

they are bound affixes

26
Q

most root, though not all are what?

A

Free

27
Q

Roots

what does it carry?

Roots are sometimes called ?

A

main morphemes in a word.

carry the semantics of words

Stem

28
Q

Stem

A

is a word without inflectional suffix

29
Q

All roots are___ but not all _ are __-

A

stems
stems
roots

30
Q

circumfixes

A

segments around the word

31
Q

Characteristics of Inflection (5)

A
  • low semantic content
  • high productivity
  • high regularity
  • obligatoriness
  • the tendency to appear at the periphery of words.
32
Q

What other two important characteristics does inflection have?

A
  • carry grammatical info

- does not change syntactical category.

33
Q

Characteristics of Derivations (4)

A
  • high semantic content
  • low productivity
  • irregular
  • the tendency to appear close to the root
34
Q

What other two important characteristics does Derivation have?

A
  • carry semantic info that frequently alters the meanings of the roots they attach to.
  • changes syntactical category.
35
Q

Productivity

A

the degree to which a native speaker can apply a morpheme to new forms or sentences.

36
Q

Transparency

A

the degree to which native speakers understand a given morpheme.

37
Q

-ceive is a what

A

bound morpheme

38
Q

Language in functional terms?

A

system for communicating among humans

39
Q

Humans are limited physiologically, in terms of their what?

A

5 senses

40
Q

Cognitive Limites (3)

A
  1. limitations of serial processing
  2. Categorical perception
  3. Temporal perception
41
Q

Serial processing

A

processing one unit at a time in a sequence

42
Q

modes

what are they?

A

various cognitive channels

visual
auditory
olfactory
linguistics
kinesthetic
43
Q

Categorical perception

A

we make sense out of the world by grouping things into broad categories.

44
Q

Temporal Perception

A

perceive the world in time

45
Q

How human perception affects language design?

A

combining serial processing, categorical perception, and temporal perception shapes language

46
Q

How does combining serial processing, categorical perception, and temporal perception shapes language?

A
  1. Requires a lexicon that can correspond to the categories of thing and events human perceive.
  2. Requires a method for representing the relationship among those lexical items.
47
Q

____ helps with the presentation of one lexical item at a time and recovering the relationships among these items

A

Grammar

Morphology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions