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Morphology > Pg 28-41 > Flashcards

Pg 28-41 Flashcards

1
Q

How does morphology overlap with syntax?

A

in the construction of sentences

as words are constructed from morphemes, phrases constructed from words, and sentences constructed from phrases

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2
Q

The progressive assembly of every larger constituent is achieved by what?

A

by marking every morpheme and every word with one and one syntactical category label

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3
Q

label

A

strictly mental, but with other aspects of grammar we can show that they are psychologically real; because native speakers demonstrate that they know the syntactic category of words and morphemes by their placement of words in a sentence.

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4
Q

lexical selection

A

restricted semantically

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5
Q

restriction by__ ___ is the main selectional restriction

A

syntactical category

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6
Q

generative grammar

A

the example of sentence generator

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7
Q

nouns must agree in?

A

number

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8
Q

selection by ___ ___ is an essential part of sentence ____ and that explains why ___ and ___ must have ____ ___ labels.

A 
syntactic category
formation
morphemes 
words
syntactic category
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9
Q

What is the major organizing principle for natural language grammars?

A

the division of lexical items into syntactic category (parts of speech)

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10
Q

What are the parts of speech (8)

4 traditional

A
  1. noun
  2. verb
  3. adjective
  4. adverb
  5. preposition
  6. conjuctions
  7. articles
  8. pronouns
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11
Q

people, place, things or ideas

A

nouns

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12
Q

describes the actions or mental state

A

verbs

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13
Q

describe or modify a noun

A

adjective

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14
Q

describes or modify a verb or adjective

A

adverb

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15
Q

show relative location or relation of nouns to other nouns

A

prepositions

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16
Q

join two other words, phrases, or sentences

A

conjunctions

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17
Q

indicate number or context of nouns

A

articles

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18
Q

substitute nouns and gets their identity from nouns

A

pronouns

19
Q

Traditional definitions are ____

Ex: ___, ___

Other examples ___, ___, ___, ___,

A

misleading

destruction, explosion
according to traditional meanings they can be classified as verbs but they are nouns

snow shovel, wheelchair, pez espada, pajaro carpintero

according to traditional def. they would be classified as adjectives but linguists and grammaticians would classify them as nouns.

20
Q

The key idea with a distributional approach?

A

recognize the only certain words can appear in certain places in sentences

21
Q

syntactical category slots are for?

A

major categories

nouns, verbs, adverbs, and adjectives

22
Q

Slots fit?

A

phrases not words

23
Q

small words that precede nouns and which tells us something about the __ or ___ of the noun or ___ of the speaker toward a ___.

A

Determiners

number
gender
perspective
noun.

24
Q

word forms=

A

the physical form of a word

associated with different words (morphemes)

25
Q

word

A

form/morpheme association

26
Q

Slot for nouns:

A

DP____ VP (NP)

27
Q

syntax is concern only with?

A

grammaticality not sensibility.

28
Q

T/F syntactic deviance cannot be cured by context

A

True

29
Q

Conversion

A

change in syntactical category with no corresponding change in form.

30
Q

slot for verbs

A

NP____ (NP, PP, IP, CP)

NP Modal ____ (NP, PP)

31
Q

Modal definition and examples (9)

what do they carry

A

special class of verbs that can only be used as auxiliaries in conjugation with full verbs; the verb is unconjugated

they carry tense 
Ex. 
1. can 
2. could
3. shall 
4. should
5. will 
6. would
7. must
8. may
9. might
32
Q

words are what?

A

predicates

33
Q

what does predicate mean?

A

they are intrinsically related to subjects

34
Q

action verbs

A

someone or something must perform the action described by the verb

35
Q

tense can only be what?

A

expressed once in a clause

36
Q

it is impossible to conjugate a verb after a ?

A

modal

37
Q

Slot for adjective

A

… Very____(NP)

38
Q

only the ___ ___ can take ___

A

adjectival modifiers

very

39
Q

T/F: some adjectives do not take very

A

true

40
Q

reasons why some adjectives dont take very? (3)

A
  1. adjectives that show relative position in time, space or rank (next, last, first, second)
  2. Superlative adjectives (best, worst, tallest, shortest)
  3. Adjectives formed by the present and past participles
    (driving rain, blistering attack, admiring glance- present participle)

(bottled water, potted plant, stuffed pepper -past participle0

41
Q

Procedure for identifying adjectives(2)

A
  1. see whether the word in question is one of the special kinds of adjectives
  2. if not, apply the “very” test
42
Q

slot test for adverbs

A

NP sneak, behave, vanished (adverb slot) __-

43
Q

Adverbs can be determined by?

A

Process of elimination from other slots

Morphology (6 decks)

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