Pg 7-14

Question 1

Morphology is closely tied with the___

Answer 1

Lexicon

Question 2

Can Morphology be considered separately from the Lexicon?

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

What are the principled reasons why morphology can be considered separately from the lexicon? (3)

Answer 3

The arbitrariness of the lexicon

the functional explanation for a lawless lexicon

arbitrariness and the origins of words

Question 4

Lexicon is __

Answer 4

Arbitrary

Question 5

What is Arbitrary?

Answer 5

forms associated with the concepts appear to vary randomly.

there are no restrictions in which sounds can be paired with each meaning.

Question 6

The lexicon is not?

Answer 6

Rule governed (at least not at the level of UG)

leaves the selection if sound/meaning pairing completely open

Question 7

T/F: It is not possible to genetically encode a lexicon.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What is genetically encoded?

Answer 8

the principle of sound/meaning pairing

the child will expect (unconsciously) to encounter sounds paired with meanings

Question 9

3 Points regarding the claim that the lexion is Arbitrary

Answer 9

1: At an individual, psychological level, no original sound/meaning pairing is ever arbitrary.
2: Word coinings occur after the language has been established
3. Most people do not have the opportunity to create many original sounds meaning pairings because they enter the world within a society that already has language.

Question 10

T/F :Linguistics understand this, yet they consider the lexicon to be arbitrary

Explain

Answer 10

Because it is not restricted by UG nor other functional, psychological parameters

Question 11

T/F: Might one expect words to lack rule-governed structure, as sound meaning pairings are arbitrary

Answer 11

True, but it is not true.,

Question 12

Why is it not true that words lack rule govern structure?

Answer 12

The arbitrariness of the lexicon extends only as far as individual sound/meaning pairings. ]

The combination of these units are ALWAYS rule-governed by the rules of morphology or syntax

Question 13

Morphological Rules:

Answer 13

rules that operate within the level of the word

Question 14

individual single forms of the lexical items (words) are___

Answer 14

arbitrary

Question 15

plural forms of the lexical items (words) ___

Answer 15

are not arbitrary but rule governed.

Question 16

Spelling rule for plurals

Answer 16

just add -s or -es to form the plural of any regualr noun in english

Question 17

Even though the plural forms are ruled govern, what is arbitrary?

Answer 17

the plural marker

Question 18

How are plural markers different from the lexical items? (2)

Answer 18

1: lexical items have unique meanings associated with it. Meanings are rich.

Rich means what?
can be broken down into semantic

2: the lexical item can occur by themselves in sentences.

Question 19

The plural marker is ___ on the __ __ it attaches to

Answer 19

dependent

lexical item

Question 20

Can the plural marker appear by itself in a sentence?

Answer 20

NO

Question 21

Combinations of single lexical items with plurals are considered to be treated as what?

Answer 21

Single words, not larger syntactic units

Question 22

What type of information does the lexical item carry? What about the plural marker?

Answer 22

Lexical item= carries semantic information and syntactic information

Plural marker= carries grammatical information

Question 23

Define: morpheme

It is what?

Answer 23

the minimal unit of meaning or grammar

abstract= no physical properties

Question 24

Define : morph

It is what?

Answer 24

a form that is associated with one or more morphemes

Physical properties (concrete?)

Question 25

The ___ units are expressed through a ___ form

Answer 25

abtract

physical

Question 26

morphologically simple

Morphologically complex

Answer 26

words that have only one morpheme

have more than one morpheme

Question 27

Words as cats, pots, fees, watches, wishes have?

Answer 27

two units of meaning, which are?

1: Lexical item
2. Plural

here we have two morphemes and two morphs.

Question 28

Why do we bot claim the vowel is a plural marker? (2)

Answer 28

vowel is part of the morph.morpheme lexical item

There is not regular rule in English that forms plurals by changing vowels.

Question 29

what determines a morph?

Answer 29

Systematic co-occurrence of form and meaning

Question 30

Fused

Answer 30

Example habl-o the other 4 morphemes are combined in the (o)

Question 31

fusion language:

Answer 31

language the fuse morphemes together

example Spanish

Question 32

Fusion/fusion language:

Answer 32

combination of two or more morphemes within a morph.

Question 33

syncretism

Answer 33

the exact same form us used for different conjugations.

Question 34

syncretism (Leder’s Definition)

Answer 34

a form used for two or more syntactic purposes.

we believe the words are separate in the mind of people.