Pg 61-67 Flashcards
In what sense were Middle East oil consortia concession agreements beneficial to multinational oil companies and less to the Middle East states?
Beneficial: bought rights to exploit fields
Not so much: didn’t make as much as the should have compared to other countries
What’s a rentier state? Why is it difficult to establish democracies in them?
Oil producing states, revenue derived outside taxation
Become dispenser of patronage, pays population instead of consensus
Why did Arab members of OPEC declare an oil embargo in ‘73?
To protest US airlift supplies to Israel, said they were puppets of western imperialism
Along with other regimes in the region, Egypt took a path toward “liberalization” in the mid 70s. What did liberalization entail?
- Cutting back spending for social programs and food subsidies
- Egypt created new jobs, opened economy for foreign market, food subsidies cut back
What missteps and crisis led to the Iranian Islamic revolution of ‘79?
Shah eliminated political parties to become a one party state and declared himself spiritual leader
How did us convert operation in Afghanistan after ‘79 Soviet Union invasion of that country contribute to the rise of Islamic military?
Egypt, Syria, Morroco, Tunisia, Algeria, the gulf states, saw this as a way to encourage malcontents to travel to Afghanistan to fight infidel invaders (western world)
