PFT & ABG Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal mechanism for breathing?

A

Chemoreceptors>medulla (PaCO2 and PaO2)>resp muscles contract>thorax expands and diaphragm contracts>transpulmonary pressure gradient change>air moves from AW to alveoli

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2
Q

What is the norm PaO2 for O2 in alveoli to diffuse into blood?

A

80-100 torr

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3
Q

What is the norm PaCO2 in blood to diffuse into alveoli?

A

35-45 torr

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4
Q

What is lung vol and capacitY?

A

-measure of AW and lung RESTRICTION

2+ vol= capacity

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5
Q

What is tidal volume? (VT)

A

How much you breath in and out during a breath

500 mL

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6
Q

What is insp reserve volume? IRV

A

Vol above normal inhalation

3.0L

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7
Q

What is exp reserve vol (ERV)?

A

Addl vol exhaled after normal exhalation

1.2 L

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8
Q

What is residual vol (RV)

A

Vol remaining in lungs after complete exh 1.2 L

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9
Q

TLC

A

IRV+VT+ERV+RV= 5 L

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10
Q

VC

A

IRV+VT+ERV= 4.8L

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11
Q

IC

A

IRV + VT= 3.5 L

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12
Q

FRC

A

2.4L how much is left in lungs to prevent from collapsing

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13
Q

What are examples of RD

A

Obesity
NM
CT disease
Occupational exposure

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14
Q

What is flow

A

Primary measure of AW OBSTUCTION

Flow= vol/time

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15
Q

PEFR

A

Peak expiratory flow rate
Good for asthma
If dropping=pt will get asthma attack

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16
Q

% of FEV exhaled in 1 sec

A

FEV1= 75-80% (blow as much air out in 1 sec)

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17
Q

FEV1 measures

A

Obstruction and progression of OD

Goes down= getting worse

18
Q

FEF

A

Forced exp flow 25-75%, smaller AW
Speed of air moving out of lung during middle portion of forced exp
Once in here=sicker

19
Q

PFT norms

A

80-110%

Below 80= no good

20
Q

Peak flow measurement

A

Helps detect onset of asthma attack
**monitors AW tone
If drops=asthma attack

21
Q

OD pattern

A

Decreased flow, increased volume/capacities

22
Q

RD pattern

A

Decreased vol/capacities, normal/increased flow

23
Q

FRC

A

Equilibrium point between lung and chest re-coil

Keeps ABGs normal
High level athlete= will change
Normal person=same

24
Q

T/F: PFT provides specific dx and mainly IDs pattern of impairment

A

FALSE- doesnt provide specific dx, just OD or RD

25
Q

How do you calculate % predicted and % change

A

It’s pre and post bronchodilator

Post-pre/pre

15% or more improvement post tx suggests reversible component

26
Q

T/F: Emphysema diffusion capacity is high

A

False- it is low (obstructive d)

27
Q

What are some upper airway obstructions

A

Obstructive sleep apnea
Tracheal stenosis
Extrinsic airway compression

28
Q

RD of chest wall/pleura

A

Kyphoscoliosis

Obesity

29
Q

RD of lung

A

Idiopathic pulm fibrosis

Sarcoidosis

30
Q

Indications for ABGs

A

Adequate vent, oxygenation, and determine metabolic status

31
Q

Where do you draw an ABG

A

Radial artery

Also a-line

32
Q

ABG procedure

A

Modified Allen’s test (P/F)

<15 sec flush is good indication of collateral circulation

33
Q

Norms for ABG

A

You should know it

34
Q

Assessment of pH- less than 7.35

A

Resp if PCO2>45torr

Metab if HCO3<22meq

35
Q

PH >7.45

A

Resp if PCO2<35torr

Metab if HCO3>26meq

36
Q

PCO2>45torr

A

Acidosis

CO2 retention, hypoventilation, acidotic

37
Q

PCO2<35torr

A

Alkalotic, hyperventilation

PH can be norm with abn PCO2 if kidneys compensate via increased HCO3

38
Q

What is fully compensated respiratory acidosis

A

N pH
^CO2
^HCO3

39
Q

T/F if HCO3 <22meq, it is compensatory metabolic acidosis

A

F, not compensatory

40
Q

T/F: HCO3 >26meq, uncompensated resp alkalosis

A

F- metab alkalosis

41
Q

Hypoxemia when ..

A

PO2<75-80torr
67-75 mild
50-65 mod
<50 severe