PFT & ABG

Question 1

What is the normal mechanism for breathing?

Answer 1

Chemoreceptors>medulla (PaCO2 and PaO2)>resp muscles contract>thorax expands and diaphragm contracts>transpulmonary pressure gradient change>air moves from AW to alveoli

Question 2

What is the norm PaO2 for O2 in alveoli to diffuse into blood?

Answer 2

80-100 torr

Question 3

What is the norm PaCO2 in blood to diffuse into alveoli?

Answer 3

35-45 torr

Question 4

What is lung vol and capacitY?

Answer 4

-measure of AW and lung RESTRICTION

2+ vol= capacity

Question 5

What is tidal volume? (VT)

Answer 5

How much you breath in and out during a breath

500 mL

Question 6

What is insp reserve volume? IRV

Answer 6

Vol above normal inhalation

3.0L

Question 7

What is exp reserve vol (ERV)?

Answer 7

Addl vol exhaled after normal exhalation

1.2 L

Question 8

What is residual vol (RV)

Answer 8

Vol remaining in lungs after complete exh 1.2 L

Question 9

TLC

Answer 9

IRV+VT+ERV+RV= 5 L

Question 10

VC

Answer 10

IRV+VT+ERV= 4.8L

Question 11

IC

Answer 11

IRV + VT= 3.5 L

Question 12

FRC

Answer 12

2.4L how much is left in lungs to prevent from collapsing

Question 13

What are examples of RD

Answer 13

Obesity
NM
CT disease
Occupational exposure

Question 14

What is flow

Answer 14

Primary measure of AW OBSTUCTION

Flow= vol/time

Question 15

PEFR

Answer 15

Peak expiratory flow rate
Good for asthma
If dropping=pt will get asthma attack

Question 16

% of FEV exhaled in 1 sec

Answer 16

FEV1= 75-80% (blow as much air out in 1 sec)

Question 17

FEV1 measures

Answer 17

Obstruction and progression of OD

Goes down= getting worse

Question 18

FEF

Answer 18

Forced exp flow 25-75%, smaller AW
Speed of air moving out of lung during middle portion of forced exp
Once in here=sicker

Question 19

PFT norms

Answer 19

80-110%

Below 80= no good

Question 20

Peak flow measurement

Answer 20

Helps detect onset of asthma attack
**monitors AW tone
If drops=asthma attack

Question 21

OD pattern

Answer 21

Decreased flow, increased volume/capacities

Question 22

RD pattern

Answer 22

Decreased vol/capacities, normal/increased flow

Question 23

FRC

Answer 23

Equilibrium point between lung and chest re-coil

Keeps ABGs normal
High level athlete= will change
Normal person=same

Question 24

T/F: PFT provides specific dx and mainly IDs pattern of impairment

Answer 24

FALSE- doesnt provide specific dx, just OD or RD

Question 25

How do you calculate % predicted and % change

Answer 25

It’s pre and post bronchodilator Post-pre/pre 15% or more improvement post tx suggests reversible component

Question 26

T/F: Emphysema diffusion capacity is high

Answer 26

False- it is low (obstructive d)

Question 27

What are some upper airway obstructions

Answer 27

Obstructive sleep apnea Tracheal stenosis Extrinsic airway compression

Question 28

RD of chest wall/pleura

Answer 28

Kyphoscoliosis | Obesity

Question 29

RD of lung

Answer 29

Idiopathic pulm fibrosis | Sarcoidosis

Question 30

Indications for ABGs

Answer 30

Adequate vent, oxygenation, and determine metabolic status

Question 31

Where do you draw an ABG

Answer 31

Radial artery | Also a-line

Question 32

ABG procedure

Answer 32

Modified Allen’s test (P/F) | <15 sec flush is good indication of collateral circulation

Question 33

Norms for ABG

Answer 33

You should know it

Question 34

Assessment of pH- less than 7.35

Answer 34

Resp if PCO2>45torr | Metab if HCO3<22meq

Question 35

PH >7.45

Answer 35

Resp if PCO2<35torr | Metab if HCO3>26meq

Question 36

PCO2>45torr

Answer 36

Acidosis | CO2 retention, hypoventilation, acidotic

Question 37

PCO2<35torr

Answer 37

Alkalotic, hyperventilation | PH can be norm with abn PCO2 if kidneys compensate via increased HCO3

Question 38

What is fully compensated respiratory acidosis

Answer 38

N pH ^CO2 ^HCO3

Question 39

T/F if HCO3 <22meq, it is compensatory metabolic acidosis

Answer 39

F, not compensatory

Question 40

T/F: HCO3 >26meq, uncompensated resp alkalosis

Answer 40

F- metab alkalosis

Question 41

Hypoxemia when ..

Answer 41

PO2<75-80torr 67-75 mild 50-65 mod <50 severe