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Cardiopulmonary > CP EXAM > Flashcards

CP EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

For a CF pt what do you want to rule out?

A

RA, osteoporosis, lover DM related CF

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2
Q

Exam HR- tell me everything

A

Apical with steth
Always done with someone with a fib
NORM- 60-90 bpm
Sinus tach >100 normal in athletes, beta blockers

Most accurate is auscultation at cardiac apex (apical pulse)

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3
Q

HR & pulse rate should be

A

equal

Unless you have a fib or dysrhythmias

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4
Q

Measurement of apical HR?

A

Pulse deficit is Diff between HR and pulse rate

Indicates some heart beats have not caused sufficient blood flow to reach periphery
Common in a fib and other dysrhythmias

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5
Q

What’s the HR range for newborn?

A

120-170

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6
Q

1 yr HR

A

80-160

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7
Q

3 yr HR

A

80-120

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8
Q

Pulse

A

Dorsalis pedis- check both feet

Radial

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9
Q

Rating scale of pulse

A 
4+ bounding (just finished ex)
3+ increased
2+ brisk, normal
1+ diminished weaker, SV not as efficient, more threads
0 absent
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10
Q

cuffs that are too short or narrow …

A

Gives falsely high readings

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11
Q

BP should be taken in each arm during IE

A

TRUE

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12
Q

How manymmHg will show arterial compression/obstruction? Which side?

A

10-15, on side with lower BP

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13
Q

What indicates orthostatic hypotension?

A

Fall of SBP or DBP of 10+mmHg accompanied with increasing HR by 10-20bpm (5 min)

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14
Q

What level should the arm be?

A

Just above waist level if seated

Standing- arm is supported mid chest

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15
Q

What is a medical emergency BP?

A

At resting 200/110

No BP or extremely low with lack of mentation or unconsciousness

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16
Q

When is activity contraindicated for BP?

A

SBP >200 or <80
DBP >100

TERMINATE is > 250/110

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17
Q

What’s the range forpulse pressure

A

30-50

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18
Q

Does PP increase or decrease with age

A

Increase

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19
Q

What is abn PP and can be predictive of what

A

> 60 in adults, CHF

Low is a marker of low Q with heart failure

20
Q

Increased PP indicates what

A

Vascular wall stiffness and predicts CV events (HF in HTN disease)

Aortic valve disorders, severe anemia and overactive thyroid

21
Q

What are better predictors of mortality than PP

A

SBP and DBP

22
Q

What lung sound would you hear for a pt with CHF

A

Adventitious crackles- fluid in alveoli

Heard during insp

23
Q

What’s a wheeze

A

Airway obstruction/constriction

Heard during exhalation

24
Q

What is the normal vent rate

25
Q

Tachypnea is

A

Rate higher than 20 bpm

26
Q

Bradypnea is

A

Rate lower than 10 bpm

27
Q

Dyspnea is

A

Pts subjective report of discomfort

SOB is actual sx.

28
Q

Orthopnea is

A

Difficulty breathing while pt is SUPINE with easing of breathing with a more vertical position

29
Q

What does ACSM recommend?

A

Not performing endurance test if vent is more than 45 bpm

30
Q

What does a fine tremor often associated with

A

High dose bronchodilators

31
Q

Warm and sweaty hands with irregular flapping tremor

A

Acute CO2 retention

32
Q

Hands- weakness and wasting is sx of

A

Upper love tumor -brachial plexus (pancoasts tumor)

33
Q

Palmar erythema

A

Liver disease

34
Q

Clubbing

A

Chronic tissue hypoxia

Cause by lung disease (infective, fibrotic, malignant)
Cardiac (congenital bacterial
Other (familial, cirrhosis, GI)

Idiopathic

35
Q

SPUTUM COLORS

A 
Red-blood (tumor)
Rust- pneumonia 
Purple-neoplasm
Yellow/green-infection
Pink-pulmonary edema
36
Q

What are the two types of cough

A

Effective

Productive

37
Q

What should you look for in a cough

A

Smell consistency amount

Freq

Only clears 6/7th generation up*

Splint++

38
Q

T/F you can open dressing to inspect wound

39
Q

Graphs can be taken from

A

Radial (female)
Saphenous (men)
L int mammary artery (Female)

40
Q

Cheyne-Stokes

A

Cyclic waxing and waning of depth of breathing with periods of apnea- seen in severe CNS lesions
-goes into shallow breathing and then stops breathing

41
Q

Kussmaul

A 
Continuous hyperventilation, increased rate and depth of breathing to eliminate CO2
Diabetic ketoacidosis (med emergency)
42
Q

When looking for breathing efficiency, what are you looking for

A

Diaphragm movement - 2-3in with deep inspiration

43
Q

When palpating the trachea, when do deviations occur toward side of lesion?

A

Loss of lung volume on one side

Atelectasis, fibrosis, surgical excision of lung tissue

44
Q

Palp- when do deviations occur away from side of abn?

A

Increase in lung vol

-pneumothorax, pleural effusion, herniation of ab viscera

45
Q

Pectus excavatum

A

Funnel chest- (SHANE)

46
Q

What is BADCAT?

A 
Breathing audible
Active accessory muscles
Dyspnea
Cyanosis or clubbing
A-P diameter >= 1.0
Tracheal deviation

These are alarming resp signs

Cardiopulmonary (6 decks)

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