Peterson - Cerebellum

Question 1

primary fissure

Answer 1

divides anterior and posterior lobes

Question 2

vermis

Answer 2

divided left and right hemispheres

Question 3

horizontal fissure

Answer 3

separates posterior lobe into superior and inferior portions

Question 4

arteries

Answer 4

superior cerebellar artery –> top
posterior inferior cerebellar artery –> bottom
anterior inferior cerebellar artery –> anterior

Question 5

posterolateral fissure

Answer 5

separates flocculus and nodule from cerebellum

Question 6

tonsil

Answer 6

aka vermis IX, uvula, hemisphere HIX

-tumor can push it into foramen magnum causing it to compress medulla –> circulatory and respiratory problems

Question 7

cerebellar peduncles

Answer 7

where fibers enter/exit cerebellum

• inferior –> afferent fibers from spinal cord and brainstem - restiform go superior and juxtarestiform go posterior
• middle –> afferent fibers from pontine
• superior –> efferent fibers to red nucleus, thalamus; afferent from limbs, auditory, visual

Question 8

deep cerebellar nuclei

Answer 8

• dentate - lateral
• interposed nuclei - globose + emboliform
• fastigial - medial

Question 9

cerebellar cortex

Answer 9

• molecular layer –> contain axons and dendrites
• purkinje layer –> contain Purkinje cells; has axons that leave Cortex
• granular layer –> granules with many nuclei; axons form parallel fibers in molecular layer

Question 10

climbing fibers

Answer 10

from contralateral olivary nucleus

-climb on dendrites of Purkinje cells (direct interaction)

Question 11

mossy fibers

Answer 11

from deep cerebellar nuclei

-dendrites synapse with granular cells which send info. down parallel fibers to interact with Purkinje cells

Question 12

fine tuning cells

Answer 12

1. basket cells - dendrites in molecular; axons branch to purkinje
2. stellate cells - axons and dendrites in molecular layer
3. Golgi cells - dendrites in molecular; axons to granular cells
   - fine tuning cells always inhibitory

Question 13

input/output to cerebellum

Answer 13

1. excitatory fibers (climbing and mossy) enter through cerebellar peduncles –> excite Purkinje fibers sending inhibitory response to deep nuclei
2. fine tuning cells - inhibitory to granular and Purkinje cells
3. deep nuclei sends excitatory response to brainstem and thalamus but inhibitory to inferior olive

Question 14

regional inputs

Answer 14

1. vestibulocerebellum - vestibular inputs to flocculonodular lobe and uvula
2. spinocerebellum - inputs from proprioceptors to medial hemisphere and vermis
3. cerebrocerebellum - inputs from cerebral cortex to lateral hemispheres

Question 15

outputs from cerebellar cortex

Answer 15

1. lateral hemisphere –> dentate nucleus
2. medial hemisphere –> interposed nuclei
3. vermis –> vestigial nucleus

Question 16

afferent fibers - superior cerebellar peduncle

Answer 16

1. anterior spinocerebellar tract
2. rostrocerebellar tract
3. tectocerebellar tract

Question 17

afferent fibers - middle cerebellar peduncles

Answer 17

all afferent tracts

-pontocerebellar tract

Question 18

afferent fibers - inferior cerebellar peduncles

Answer 18

1. posterior spinocerebellar tract
2. cuneocerebellar tract
3. vestibulocerebellar tract
4. olivocerebellar tract
5. reticullocerebellar tract

Question 19

efferent fibers - superior cerebellar peduncle

Answer 19

1. dentothalamic
2. dentorubrothalamic
3. rubrospinal
4. cerebellovestibular

Question 20

efferent fibers - inferior cerebellar peduncle

Answer 20

1. cerebellovestibular

2. cerebelloreticular

Question 21

anterior lobe syndrome

Answer 21

anterior lobe degenerates –> affect leg functioning

-staggering gate, lose coordination

Question 22

neocerebellar syndrome

Answer 22

damage to lateral hemisphere –> change muscle tone, reflexes, and coordination on ipsilateral side