Peters Urinary System Flashcards
Gland that separate waste from blood
The kidneys
What are the roles of the kidney
Blood volume pressure and composition
Removal of metabolic waste
True or false
Anatomically, the urinary system is closely associated with the reproductive system
True
What are the principal organs of the Urinary system?
6 principal organs: two kidneys, two ureters, urinary bladder, urethra.
Roles of the kidneys
∙ They filter the blood and excrete the toxic metabolic wastes.
∙ Regulate blood volume, pressure, and osmolarity by regulating water output. ∙
. Regulate the electrolyte and acid–base balance of the body fluids.
. Secrete the hormone erythropoietin, which stimulate the production of red blood cells
. Regulate calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism by participating in the synthesis of calcitriol. ∙
. Clear hormones and drugs from the blood
. Detoxify free radicals. ∙
. Synthesizing glucose from amino acids during starvation.
Among the most toxic of our metabolic wastes are small nitrogen-containing compounds called? Such as ?
Nitrogenous wastes
When proteins are _ to Amino acids what is the by product
Nh2
After nh2 is released it is converted to _ by_
Urea by Liver because it’s toxic to humans CO(NH2)2
Other nitrogenous wastes in the urine include uric acid and
Uric acid and creatinin
The level of nitrogenous waste in the blood is typically expressed
as
blood urea nitrogen (BUN).
An elevated BUN is called __
and may indicate renal insufficiency
azotemia1
What’s symptoms of uremia
diarrhea, vomiting, dyspnea(hard to breath), and cardiac arrhythmia stemming from the toxicity of the nitrogenous waste
The kidneys lie against the
posterior abdominal wall at the level of vertebrae T12 to L3
Which kidney is lower than the other?
Why?
Right is slightly lower because right lobe of liver
The kidney is the size of
Bar of bath soap
What is the hilum?
Site that admits neural nerves
Name layers of kidney connective tissue
renal fascia
perirenal fat capsule
Fibrous capsule
the glandular tissue that forms the urine—appears C-shaped in frontal section
The renal parenchyma
The kidneys receive how many liters of blood per minute?
receive about 1.2 liters of blood
Pathway of artery to kidney
Segmental arteries interlobar arteries corticomedullary junction arcuate arteries
cortical radiate arteries
whats the path after afferent arteriole
golmerulus then efferent arteriole peritubular capillaries cortical radiate veins, arcuate veins to interlobar veins and renal vein.
how many nephrons in each kidney?
1.2 milions nephrons
what are parts of the Juxtamedullary nephron
Vasa Recta proximal convoluted tube
Distal Convoluted tubule
The Vasa Recta is
the straight arterioles of kidney in the medulla of the kidney
peritubular cappillaries are
are tiny blood vessels, supplied by the efferent arteriole, that travel alongside nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion between blood and the inner lumen of the nephron.
What’s is the two principals parts of the nephron and roles?
Each nephron is composed of two principal parts: a renal corpuscle, which filters the blood plasma, and a long coiled renal tubule, which converts the fil- trate to urine.
What does the renal corpuscle composed of ?
Glomerulus and glomerular capsule aka bowman cap
What type of epithelial is the Corpuscle?
Simple squamous
General excretion from body are done by which organ system
4 in total Integumentary Respiratory UrinAry Digestive
Which kidney is slightly lower and why
Right kidney because right lobe of liver is above it
The 4 major Nitrogenous wastes from the Urinary system?
Ammonia
UREA
Uric Acid
Creatinine
The Four “organ systems” involved with excretion
Respiratory
Urinary
Digestive
Integumentary
