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Anatomy Physiology > Digestive system > Flashcards

Digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

When it comes to binding of Immunglobin A to non cell mediated it is called

A

oppsinization

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2
Q

How many tastes of the tongue and what are they

A 
5 Tastes
Sour
Bitter
Salty
Unami
Sweet
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3
Q

What are the cells in the Stomach and there functions

A

Chief Cells: and Pepsin
PARIETAL CELLS: Secrete gastric Acid
Neck Cells: Mucous epithelial cells function unkown
G Cells: Cells in stomach and duodenum that releases Gastrin
STEM Cells:

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4
Q

Name all the sphincters in the Digestive System and function

A

Lower esophageal or cardiac: sphincter between esophagus and stomach.

Pyloric Sphincter: between stomach and duodenum.

Ileocecal Sphincter between small intestine and caecum

Anal Sphincter at end of rectum.

Upper esophageal. Sphincter between mouth and esophagus.

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5
Q

How many IG What are all the Immunoglobins function?

A

Ig A: mucous glands like salivary tears sweat glands etc
Ig E: In Milk
Ig D: On red Blood cells Rhesus
Ig M: Pentomer on MHC on Lmphyocytes
Ig G: Free floating antibodies made by B Cells

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6
Q

How many layers and function of the layers of The gastrointestinal walls

A

Mucosa: Epithelia cells
Submucosa:
Muscularis: Shortening and or Walls
Serosa/ Advantitia

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7
Q

What is the criteria to being an epithelia Cell

A

Free surface Cell
Densely Packed
Avascular
Polarized/Nonsemetical aka has an apical and basal side

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8
Q

3 Things needed to be classified as a mucosa are

A

Must have
Epithelial cells
Basement Membrane
Mucosa Muscularis

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9
Q

The smooth muscle cells that form the foldings and contraction of the small intestine called

A

Mucosa Muscularis

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10
Q

The inner lining of the digestive tract, called the

A

mucosa or mucousmembrane

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11
Q

The epithelium of the digestive system is majority ___ except for where?

A

simple columnar in everywhere but esophagus and anal cavity where it is stratified squamous to protect against abrasion

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12
Q

The digestive tract as a whole is made up of

A

mucosa/ columnar epithelium
loose connective tissue called lamina propria
and smooth muscle tissue called muscularis

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13
Q

what does the submucosa consist of

A

aerolar tissue
nerves and vasularities
fiber created by fibroblasts

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14
Q

What is the Enteric Nervous System and what is it a subdivision for

A

the submucosal plexus in the submucosa and

the myenteric plexus

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15
Q

True /False Salivary glands is controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

false its controlled by the sympathetic NS

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16
Q

What are the two network of neurons in the enteric system and what are there functions

A

Submucosal plexus: plexus controls movements of the muscularis mucosa and glandular secretion

Myenteric plexus: controls peristalsis and other contractions of the muscularis externa,

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17
Q

The foldings in the stomach are know as..

A

Ruge

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18
Q

what is the Largest fold in the small intestine know as?

What are the characteristics?

A

Semicircular Pilae

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19
Q

Glands involved in Digestion

A

Sublingual Submadibular

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20
Q

5 stages of Digestion and function

A 
Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Compaction
Excretion
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21
Q

what is syncytium and what cells are examples of this

A

Are multinucleated structures such as skeletal muscles and osteoclasts

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22
Q

define the 2 types of syncytium

A

True actually have multiple nucleated cells
Functional only act example

myocardiocytes couple with gap junctions act as a multinucleate group

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23
Q

segmental contraction is

where does it occur

A

contraction that mixes up chyme

occurs in the small intestine

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24
Q

the three parts of the small intestine in order are

A

the Duodenum
the Jejunum
the Ileum

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25
Q

In simple terms define Peristalsis

A

Wave like contractions

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26
Q

what are the two types of contractions

A

Peristalsis and Segmental Contractions

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27
Q

How many glands and functions are in the digestive system

A

sublingual
submandibular
Parotid

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28
Q

What is transducin

A

G couple protein receptor that reponses to sweet chemicals

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29
Q

T or F Gaba is release with to stop cl inflow in b cells

A

false GABA allows cl flow into alpha cells to hyperpolarize alpha cells preventing calcium for entering and releasing glucagon

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30
Q

T or F Glucagon and Insulin can both be released at the same time

A

False GABA Prevents that

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31
Q

What happens when Transducin is excited or binded to

A

G coupled protein receptor

alpha protein activates

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32
Q

what are the two most important ions

A

Hydrogen and potassium

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33
Q

what is the role of potassium in the body

A

Potassium regulates the resting membrane potential

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34
Q

what are the three large main layers of the digestive system

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa/adventia

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35
Q

what layers create the mucosa

A

Epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosae

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36
Q

Which epithelium are in which cavities of the digestive system

A

stratified squamous are in the mouth and esophagus and lower anal canal for help against abrasion

Ciliated Columnar for the small and large intestine

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37
Q

where is the lamina propria and whats its role and the cells involved

A

its between the epithelium and muscularis mucosae and its a connective tissue with fibroblasts

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38
Q

Role of the muscularis mucosae

A

The muscularis mucosae tenses the mucosa, creating grooves and ridges that enhance its surface area and contact with food

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39
Q

Main role of the submucosa

A

The submucosa is a thicker layer of loose connective tissue containing blood vessels and lymphatics, a nerve plexus, and in some places, glands that secrete lubricating mucus into the lumen. The MALT extends into the submucosa in some parts of the GI tract.

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40
Q

Define the muscularis externa

A

The muscularis externa consists of usually two layers of muscle near the outer surface. Cells of the inner layer encircle the tract while those of the outer layer run longitudinally.

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41
Q

The enteric Nervous system controls which organs

A

he esophagus, stomach, and intestines

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42
Q

which nerve controls peristalsis and muscularis exeterna

A

myenteric NS

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43
Q

WHat does the submucosal plexus innervate?

A

glandular and muscularis mucosae

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44
Q

hey are not tightly bound to the abdominal wall,

but over most of their length, they are loosely suspended from it by connective tissue sheets called

A

mesenteries

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45
Q

what is a mesenteries and what is it made up of

A

Mesenteries is connective tissue that hold the abdominal viscera in their proper relationship to each other, provide passage for the blood vessels and nerves that supply the digestive tract, and contain many lymph nodes and lymphatic ves- sels.

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46
Q

which organs lie on the retroperitoneal side ?

A

The duodenum
most of the pancreas
parts of the large intestine are retroperitoneal.

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47
Q

which organs lie on the intraperitoneal side ?

A

Stomach,
liver,
parts of the small and large intestines are intraperitoneal

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48
Q

What is the parietal peritoneum

A

parietal peritoneum is a serous membrane that lines the wall of the abdominal cavity.

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49
Q

what is a serous membrane? where are the serous membranes in the body?

A

mesothelial tissue that lines certain internal cavities of the body, forming a smooth, transparent, two-layered membrane lubricated by a fluid derived from serum. The peritoneum, pericardium, and pleura are serous membranes.

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50
Q

wiki definition of mesentary

A

mesentery: The membrane that attaches the intestines to the wall of the abdomen and maintains their position in the abdominal cavity to supply them with blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics.

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51
Q

T/F Omentum comes from peritoneum

A

true it does come from peritoneum

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52
Q

whats the difference between Omentum and messentary

A

Omentum peritoneum with fat covers both sides of stomach with peritoneum. acts as insulation.

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53
Q

T/F: the liver is on the left side of the body and is above the stomach

A

False Liver is on the right side and sits slightly above the stomach

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54
Q

what organs are right below the stomach?

A

Large Intestine

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55
Q

The 3 mechanisms that control the motility and secretion of the digestive system are

A

Hormonal
Paracrine
Nervous systems

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56
Q

Roles of Saliva are

A

Saliva moistens and cleanses the mouth, inhibits bacterial growth, dissolves molecules so they can stimulate the taste buds, digests a little starch and fat, and makes swallowing easier by binding the food particles into a soft mass (bolus) and lubricating it with mucus.

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57
Q

the compounds in saliva are

A

∙ mucus, which binds and lubricates the food bolus;
∙ electrolytes, salts of Na+, K+, Cl–, phosphate, and bicarbonate;
∙ lysozyme, an enzyme that kills bacteria;
∙ immunoglobulin A (IgA), an antibacterial antibody;
∙ salivary amylase, an enzyme that begins starch digestion in the mouth; and
.ligual Lipase

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58
Q

amylase is an enzyme which function is to

A

hydrolyze or break starch to simple sugar with water

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59
Q

Roel of Intrinsic Salivary Glands

A

They secrete saliva at a fairly constant rate whether we are eat- ing or not, but in relatively small amounts. This saliva contains lingual lipase and lysozyme and moistens the mouth when we are not eating.

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60
Q

what are the glands in the extrinisic salivary glands and there roles

A

Parotid
submandibular
sublingual

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61
Q

what is responsible for the folds of the cavities in the digestive system

A

muscularis mucosae in the mucosa

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62
Q

largest fold of the small intestine are?

what is the role?

A

Semicircular pilcae which contain microvilli

the spin chyme to allow brush borders to become more efficient

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63
Q

What are the steps for insulin release

A

Pancrease detects high blood sugar through elevate atp
ATP closes leaky k+ channels elevates MP
B Cells release insulin and GABA
GABA blocks glucagon release by hyperpolarization

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64
Q

what products do gland acini add to saliva

A

amylase, lingual lipase, lysozyme and mucus

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65
Q

Role of pharynx

A

muscular funnel connects
oral cavity to the esophagus
nasal cavity to larynx

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66
Q

T/F The pharynx is where digestive and respiratory tracts intersect

A

True

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67
Q

where the esophagus penetrates the diaphragm is called

A

esophageal hiatus

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68
Q

Role of the Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

A

prevents stomach contents from regurgitating into the esophagus, thus protecting the esophageal mucosa from the erosive effect of stomach acid.

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69
Q

failure of the Lower esophageal sphincter/cardiac sphincter can lead to

A

Heartburn

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70
Q

esophageal glands are located where in the esophagus?

A

submucosae

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71
Q

whats the name of swallowing and the 3 phases of

A

swallowing also known as deglutition

phase one oral phase
phase two pharyneal phase
phase three esophageal phase aka perisastalsis

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72
Q

whats the name of swallowing and the 3 phases of

A

swallowing also known as deglutition

phase1 oral phase
phase2pharyngeal phase
phase 3 esophageal phase aka peristalsis

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73
Q

In what phase of deglutition is breathing suspended

A

pharyngeal phase

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74
Q

Peristalsis is controlled jointly by what parts of the CNS?

A

Brainstem and Myenteric plexus

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75
Q

T/F

Most digestion occurs after the chyme passes on to the small intestine.

A

True

76
Q

Name 4 regions of the stomach

A

The cardial part (cardia)
The fundic region
The body (corpus)
pyloric part

77
Q

Define pylorus

A

narrow passageway leading to duodenum

78
Q

T/F The stomach ONLY recieves stimulation from the parasympathetic nervous system

A

False
parasympathetic fibers from the vagus nerves
sympathetic fibers from the celiac ganglia

79
Q

where does blood flow after duodenum and stomach

A

To the hepatic portal vein at the liver

80
Q

T/F both esphophagus and stomach are lined with stratified squamous epithelium on there mucosa

A

False
esophagus lines with stratified squamous
Stomach lined with columnar glandular epithelium

81
Q

T/F The apical regions of epithelium of the stomach cells are filled with mucin; after it is secreted, mucin swells with water and becomes mucus

A

True

82
Q

How many layers does the muscularis externa have?

A

3 compared to the 2 the others have

83
Q

what are the 3 glands present in the stomach

A

Gastric Glands
plyoric glands
cardial glands

84
Q

What are the cells present in the three glands

A

Chief cells: secrete enzymes gastric lipase and pepsinogen
parietal cells: Secrete Gastric acid/ hcl ,intrinsic factor and grehlin
Mucous cells: Secrete mucus
Enteroendocrine cells
Regenerative stem cells: Replace old cells

85
Q

How does stomach sustain low ph without being damaged

A

Parietal cells contain carbonic anhydrase (CAH)

86
Q

H+–K+ ATPase. is what type of transporter and where is it located

A

Its an antiporter located in parietal cells

87
Q

What is the role of stomach acid?

A

activates pepsin and lingual lipase,
It breaks up connective tissues and form chyme.
turns ferric ions (Fe3+) to ferrous ions (Fe2+), for hemoglobin synthesis.
innate immunity destroying most ingested pathogens.

88
Q

T/F Pepsin has autocatalytic effect?

A

True

as some pepsin is formed, it converts pepsinogen into more pepsin

89
Q

what is gastric lipase where is it secreted from

A

Secreted from chief cells gastric lipase digest 10-15 percent of the fats in the stomach

90
Q

How is Vitamin b12 absorbed and low amounts result in?

A

Absorbed by Small Intestine when “Intrinsic Factor is released by parietal cells
Needed for hemoglobin synthesis without it can lead to anemia

91
Q

T/F The secretion of intrinsic factor is NOT the only indispensable function of the stomach

A

False it is

92
Q

what is and the cause of Pernicious anemia

A

Anemia cause by low production of Vitamin B12 because of autoimmune disease that destroys gastric mucosa

93
Q

When swallowing mechanoreceptors where? send signal to wat part of the CNS

A

mechanoreceptors in the pharynx and they transmit signals to the medulla oblongata.
the medulla relays signals to the stomach by way of the VAGUS NERVE.

94
Q

what are the secretions/hormones of the enteroendocrine cells

A 
Gastrin: Stimulates intestine motility and gastric glands to secrete HCl and enzymes
Serotonin: Stimulates gastric motility
Histamine: HCL secretion 
Somatostatin
Gut–brain peptides
95
Q

How does the stomach protect itself from its own acidic environment

A

Mucus coat
Tight Junctions
Fast Epithelial cell replacement by cell division in gastric pits

96
Q

Gastric activity is divided into what three phases

A

cephalic: stomach responds to mere sight, smell, taste, thought of food
40% of the stomach’s acid secretion
gastric: Histamine is a paracrine secretion from enteroendocrine cells in the gastric glands.
intestinal phases

97
Q

Which three hormones cause parietal cells to release HCL

A

ACH by parasympathetic nerve fibers
Histamines by enteroendocrine aka G-cells
Gastrin by enteroendocrine cells aka G-cells

98
Q

What chemicals causes chief cells to release Pepsinogen

A

Gastrin and especially ACH

99
Q

digested proteins from breakdown in the stomach cause a POSITIVE OR Negatiive feedback to WHAT?

A

Causes a positive feedback to G cells

100
Q

PH required to inhibit parietal cells

A

PH of 2

101
Q 
glucose-dependent
insulinotropic peptide (GIP).
A

weak gastrin inhibitory hormone that stimulates insulin release

102
Q

Chyme in the Duodenum stimulate intestinal G cells to secrete?

A

CCK and Secretin

103
Q

All nutrients absorbed by the small intestine reach the liver except

A

Fats which use the lymphatic system

104
Q

hepatic triad consists of

A

Hepatic artery
Hepatic portal vein
Bile duct

105
Q

T/F

About 99% of the pancreas is endocrine tissue

A

False

About 99% of the pancreas is exocrine tis- sue, which secretes 1,200 to 1,500 mL of pancreatic juice per day

106
Q

The

A

trypsinogen
chymotrypsinogen
procarboxypeptidase

107
Q

The pancreatic enzymes from pancreas are

A

pancreatic amylase, which digests starch; pancreatic lipase, which digests fat; and ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease,

108
Q

What are Acinar cells

A

Are pancreatic exocrine cells that secrete digestive enzymes

109
Q

Name all secretions of the pancreas

A 
Sodium Bicarbonate. Neutralizes HCL
Zymogens trysinogen, Chymotrypsinogen, Procarboxypeptidase
Pancreatic amylase: breaks down starch
Pancreatic lipase: Breaks down lipids
Ribonuclease
Deoxyribonuclease
110
Q

What three stimuli responsible for release of pancreatic juices and bile

A

ACH AND SECRETIN EFFECTS PANCREASE
ACH comes from vagus nerve during cephalic phase
SECRETIN: from duodenum cause sodium bicarbonate release

CCK EFFECTS GALLBLADDER
induces contractions

111
Q

duodenal papillae

A

wrinkles and grooves in the small intestine where pancreatic duct binds to

112
Q

What are some key activities that occur in duodenum

A

Stomach acid is neutralized here,
Fats are physically broken up (emulsified) by the bile
Pepsin is inactivated by the elevated pH,
Pancreatic enzymes take over the job of chemical digestion

113
Q

What are key activities that occur in the jejunum

A

Where most of the absorption occurs

114
Q

The ileocecal valve and its functions

A

The ileocecal valve is a sphincter muscle valve that separates the small intestine and the large intestine.

115
Q

Where does the small intestine receive all its blood from?

A

superior mesenteric artery,

116
Q

The jejunum and ileum are retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal

A

The jejunum and ileum are intraperitoneal and thus covered on all sides with a serosa

117
Q

tiny projections that give the inner lining of the intestine a fuzzy texture, like a terry cloth towel are called

A

Villi

118
Q

a lacteal is

A

the lympathic capillaries in villi in the small intestine

119
Q

Brush border are located where in S Intestine? and also participate in what type of digestion?

A

microvilli

Contact Digestion

120
Q

The role of Duodenal glands is to

A

secrete bicarbonate mucus to neutralize acid

121
Q

whats the difference btwn GLUT vs SGLT

A 
Glucose Transporters (GLUTs) - are located in  beta cells, hepatocytes, skeletal muscles, etc.,  to facilitate transport of glucose into the cells.
Sodium-glucose co-transporters (SGLT 1 & 2) -in small intestine and renal tubules of nephrons, facilitating the reabsorption of glucose back into circulation.
122
Q

ENTEROCYTES are ?

A

Enterocytes intestinal absorptive cells, are simple columnar epithelial cells found in the small intestine.

123
Q

name of the inner and outer layer of muscularis externa

A

the inner circular layer

the Outer Longitudinal layer

124
Q

T/F myenteric plexus is part of the sympathetic nervous system

A

False part of the parasympathetic

125
Q

what is the myenteric plexus

A

A plexus of small groups of nerve cells (ganglia) and connecting nerve fibre bundles that lies between the longitudinal and circular muscle layers of the gut wall and forms a continuous network from the upper esophagus to the internal anal sphincter.

126
Q

roles of vitamin D in Digestion

A

Vitamin D helps with calcium absorption which aids in hormones release to help digestion

127
Q

what is the Plexus of Meissner

A

Another word for the submucosal plexus

128
Q

T/F the lamina propria is not analogous to the dermis

A

F

it is analogous to the dermis and is connective tissue

129
Q

what type of muscle is the muscularis mucosae

A

thin smooth muscle

130
Q

what cells are present with epithelial cells in the esophagus

A

goblet cells which release mucus

and enteroendocrine cells

131
Q

where are the lymphocytes embedded in the esophagus

A

in the lamina propria along with blood vessels and nerves

132
Q

what is MALT

A

Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue

133
Q

Define peyers patches

A

clusters of lymphoid tissue located at the end of the ileum

134
Q

the folds in stomach and small intestine due to the

A

muscularis mucosae aids in increased surface area

135
Q

glands are form starting where?

A

in the submucosae which is made out of dense connective tissue

136
Q

T/F
most proximal and distal regions of the alimentary canal, including the mouth, pharynx, anterior part of the esophagus the muscularis is made up of skeletal muscle

A

True

137
Q

T/F

anterior part of the esophagus is controlled by smooth muscle

A

False

controlled by skeletal muscle

138
Q

what and where is the serosa of alimentary canal located?

A

serosa is loose connective tissue superficial to muscularis

only in the abdominal cavity

139
Q

instead of serosa the mouth pharynx esophagus have what?

A

adventitia which is made of collagen

140
Q

Intrinsic innervation of much of the alimentary canal is provided by which nerves?

A

enteric

141
Q

the fight-or-flight or rest and digest response is governed by intrinisic or extrinisic

A

extrinsic innervation

142
Q

The celiac trunk services which organs

A

Liver stomach duodenum

143
Q

T/F Celiac trunk supplies the jejunum and colon

A

False

the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries do

144
Q

The peritoneum is made up of what epithelium?

A

squamous surrounded by connective tissue

145
Q

what are the 5 peritoneal folds

A

Greater omentum: apron flap for obese people
Falciform ligament: anchors liver
lesser omentum: stomach
mesentery: all small intestine except duodenum
mesocolon: tranverse sigmoid colon

146
Q

what are retroperitoneal organs and which organs are they?

A

retroperioneal are organs r completely or partially posterior to the peritoneum

Includes pancreas, liver, duodenum ascending and descending colon retum

147
Q

submucosal plexus

aka? what does it do

A

(plexus of Meissner) nerve supply that regulates activity of glands and smooth muscle

148
Q

innermost lining of the alimentary canal

A

mucosa

149
Q

labia are …

A

the lips

150
Q

the 3 pharynx are called

A

naso
oro
laryngo

151
Q

Deglutition is another word for

how many and what are the phases

A

swallowing

3 stages 
voluntary stage
last two is autonomous  
pharyngeal phase
esophogeal phase
152
Q

Which of these ingredients in saliva is responsible for activating salivary amylase?

A

chloride

153
Q

teeth are secured by…

A

alveolar processes aka sockets of mandible

154
Q

hardest substance in the body is

A

enamel

155
Q

the loose connective tissue that contains the blood vessels and nerves are called

A

pulp cavity

156
Q

Dentin is…..

A

bone-like tissue surrounding the pulp cavity

157
Q

Name the structures from outermost to inner of the tooth

A 
Crown neck and Root
Enamel
Cementum
Dentin
Pulp cavity: vessels/Nerves
158
Q

define pharynx

A

throat involved in both digestion and respiration

159
Q

which part of pharynx is involved only in speech and respiration

A

nasopharynx

160
Q

which part of pharynx is involved in digestion but not respiration?

A

none all are used for respiration

161
Q

anterior portion of the Larynopharynx connects to ?

A

the trachea

162
Q

What primary cells muscles are activated during the swallowing process

A

skeletal muscle of the pharynx expanding it relaxation narrows it causing bolus to go down

163
Q

T/F the most superficial layer of the esophagus is called serosa

A

F

Called Adventitia

164
Q

the large intestine technically has 2 layers, but the outer longitudinal layer is separated into three, narrow bands called

A

tenia coli

165
Q

the enzymes present in the mouth

A

salivary amylase

lingual lipase

166
Q 
define each of oral cavity
hard soft palates
gingiva
superior inferior labial frenulum 
vestibule
uvula
A

hard soft palates: Roof of mouth
gingiva: The gums
superior inferior labial frenulum: attaches tongue to gums
vestibule: region between teeth and cheek
uvula: Oval process hangs down posterior portion oval cavity

167
Q

The two pilae of the tongue

A

Fungiform: taste buds
filiform: abrasive surface for food

168
Q

Tooth is anchored to the jaw bone by

A

peridontal ligament

169
Q

what makes up the most structural mass of the mouth

A

dentin

170
Q

T/F
food moves from the mouth into the Nasopharynx ,oropharynx, laryngopharynx, and then into the esophagus
• it is a closed tube

A

false does not move through nasopharynx

171
Q

4 areas of the stomach

A

cardia
fundus
body
pylorus

172
Q

3 regions of large intestine

A

cecum
colon
rectum

173
Q

colon consist of how may sections and what are they

A

ascending colon transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon

174
Q

what part of the digestive system does the pancreas bind towards

A

duodenum

175
Q

what how many cranial nerves are there

A

12

176
Q

which cranial nerves does not go to the hypothalamus

A

cranial nerve 1 the olfactory

177
Q

name all cranial nerves

A

olfactory
visual
346 are eye movements
cranial 5 is trigeminal nerves :pain and temperature of nerve
cranial nerve 7 (facial nerve)
cranial 9/10 are the swallowing /gag reflex

178
Q

What are the two regions of the tongue

A

anterior 2/3

posterior 1/3

179
Q

what is responsible for secretion of glands

A

muscularis mucosae

180
Q

majority of blood vessels are located where in the cross section of stomach

A

submucosae

181
Q

the inside of the stomach are line with what epithelial cells

A

simple columnar cells that produce mucus

182
Q

how does the stomach knows it has food in it?

A

stretch receptors send signal to afferent nerves to vagus cranial nerves (cranial nerve 10)

183
Q

what is release from parietal cells when activated

A

Hydrochloric Acid

intrinsic factor which absorbs vitamin b12

184
Q

what factors cause parietal cells to release its compounds?

A

Activation of parietal cells of by vagus nerve release of acetlycholine

.Activation of parietal cell receptor by gastrin by g cells
.Gastrin binds to compound that releases histamine which . binds to receptor cell on parietal cell

185
Q

how does parietal cells created hcl?

A

converts co2 and h20 to make carbonic acid which seperates to bicarbonate and h+ which is released into the stomach

186
Q

metabolic akalosis

A

when blood is too basic seen in people in bulmenia

Anatomy Physiology (8 decks)

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