Pesticides

Question 1

Organophosphate and carbamate toxicosis is due to increase ________ signaling through the inhibition of ________.

Answer 1

Cholinergic

Acetylcholinesterase

Question 2

How do you treat organophosphate poisoning?
How do they work?

Answer 2

GI decontam: gastic lavage + charcoal
Atropine: muscarinic receptor antagonism
and 2-PAM: regeneration of active AChE enzyme (OGs)

Question 3

Is decontamination indicated for the treatment of organophosphate or carbamate poisoning?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

Do organochlorine pesticides bioaccumulate?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

What is the duration of organochloride persistence in soils?

Answer 5

Highly persistent

Question 6

What is the primary mechanism of DDT-type OCs (dichlorodiphenylethanes)?

Answer 6

Slowing of Na+ influx and K+ efflux

Question 7

What is the primary mechanism of aryl hydrocarbons and cyclodienes?

Answer 7

Inhibit GABA binding to its receptor

Question 8

Pyrethrin and pyrethroid exposure leading to poisoning in companion animals is most commonly due to what?

Answer 8

Inappropriate use of a product labeled for dogs on cats

Question 9

What are treatment options for animals exhibiting symptoms from pyrethrin/pyrethroid poisoning?

Answer 9

Diazepam for refractory seizures
Bathing with mild dishwashing detergent or shampoo
Methocarbamol for cats tremoring or seizing

Question 10

MOA for rotenone tox

Answer 10

Inhibits complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain

Question 11

MOA for Imidacloprid tox

Answer 11

Nicotinic receptor agonist

Question 12

MOA for Ivermectin tox

Answer 12

GABA receptor agonist

Question 13

MOA for Amitraz tox

Answer 13

Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist

Question 14

MOA for metaldehyde tox

Answer 14

Unknown, but may involve release of 5-HT and norepinephrine in the CNS

Question 15

MOA for DEET (diethyltoluamide) tox

Answer 15

Unknown and is thought to be pretty safe

Question 16

MOA for fipronil tox

Answer 16

Inhibits GABA-induced ion flux

Question 17

Tx for rotenone tox:

Answer 17

Decontamination, symptomatic and supportive care

Question 18

Tx for fipronil tox

Answer 18

Decontamination, symptomatic and supportive care

Question 19

Tx for imidacloprid tox

Answer 19

Decontamination, symptomatic and supportive care

Question 20

Tx for ivermectin tox

Answer 20

Decontamination, physostigmine, symptomatic and supportive care

Question 21

Tx for amitraz tox

Answer 21

Decontamination, yohimbe or atipamezole and other supportive care

Question 22

What in white footed herding dogs do you test for regarding sensitivity to ivermectin (and other drugs)?

Answer 22

Mutations in the ABCB1 gene

Question 23

Is atropine indicated for amitraz poisoning?

Answer 23

No, it can potentiate hypertension and ileus.

Question 24

Metaldehyde poisoning CS and Tx

Answer 24

Most common in coastal areas (high slug and snail pops)
CS: tremors, convulsions, hyperthermia
Tx: GI decontamination, muscle relaxant (methocarbomol), supportive care

Question 25

What is the active ingredient of Frontline?

Answer 25

fipronil flea/tick

Question 26

How are fipronil and seizures related?

Answer 26

Fipronil is pro-seizure by blocking inhibitory NTs

Question 27

Most common route of organophosphate and carbamate poisoning?

Answer 27

Oral: Contaminated food/feed and grooming behavior Dermal: ectoparasiticides (dust, dip, oil) Inhalation: aerial spraying

Question 28

Is OP and CM tox acute or chronic?

Answer 28

Acute: onset of CS can occur within 1 hour

Question 29

Signs of OP and CM tox?

Answer 29

Increased Cholinergic Signaling SLUDGE Miosis Bradycardia Decr BP

Question 30

Can OP and CM tox be lethal?

Answer 30

Yes, death due to resp failure or cardiac arrest

Question 31

What is a common Organochloride?

Answer 31

DDT

Question 32

Methods of OC exposure?

Answer 32

Oral or topical Highly persistent in envrionment Bioaccumulates and biomagnifies

Question 33

What species are most sensitive to OCs?

Answer 33

Cats

Question 34

Tx for organochlorides

Answer 34

No specific antidotes Clip hair/wash with detergent Activated charcoal Supportive care w/ anti-seizure (diazepam/pheno)

Question 35

Do organochlorides cross the BBB?

Answer 35

Yes- lipophilic Causes neuro signs

Question 36

How are pyrethrins used

Answer 36

Flea/Tick repellant in DOGS toxic to cats

Question 37

What are signs of pyrethrin tox in cats?

Answer 37

Hypersalivation Paw shaking Ear and skin twitching flicking of tail Seizures, agitation If untreated, death in 24 hrs

Question 38

What insecticide used in crop production is suspected to contribute to the decline in bee populations?

Answer 38

Imidacloprid

Question 39

What is the antiparasitic used in Heartgard and Revolution?

Answer 39

Selamectin (semi-synthetic ivermectin)

Question 40

What is the most common use of amitraz in animals?

Answer 40

Tick collars -dogs Tickicide dip -sheep + cattle Not recommended for horses or cats