Avicides and Rodenticides

Question 1

3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride (3-CPT) MOA

Answer 1

Reactive metabolites damage kidneys

Question 2

4-aminopyridine MOA

Answer 2

Potassium channel blockade

Question 3

Warfarin MOA

Answer 3

Inhibits vitamin K metabolism

Question 4

Bromethalin MOA

Answer 4

Uncouples mitochondrion

Question 5

Cholecalciferol MOA

Answer 5

Alters calcium and phosphorous uptake and mobilization

Question 6

Sodium fluoroacetate MOA

Answer 6

Inhibition of the enzyme aconitase in the TCA cycle

Question 7

Strychnine MOA

Answer 7

Blocks glycine signaling

Question 8

Zinc phosphide MOA

Answer 8

Inhibits cytochrome oxidase and thus oxidative phosphorylation

Question 9

4-aminopyridine Tx

Answer 9

Pancurionium for tremor
GI decontamination
Diazepam for seizures
Methylene blue contraindicated for methemoglobinemia

Question 10

The time course for the onset and resolution of anti-coagulant rodenticide poisoning is primarily determined by:

Answer 10

The plasma half life of clotting factors
The elimination half life of the rodenticide

Question 11

What is a common condition resulting from strychnine poisoning?

Answer 11

Opisthotonos

Question 12

What is it called when a non-target species is poisoned as a result of consuming a target species?

Answer 12

Relay toxicosis

Question 13

Are there specific treatments for 4-AP toxicosis outside of supportive and symptomatic treatments?

Question 14

For anticoagulant rodenticide ingestion, if the animal is asymptomatic, what is the schema of treatment?

Answer 14

Emetic, cathartic
monitor PT
-> VItamin K therapy

Question 15

For anticoagulant rodenticide ingestion, if the animal is symptomatic, what is the schema of treatment?

Question 16

Which of the rodenticide agents may cause secondary poisonings via the eating of rodents that are killed?

Answer 16

Bromethalin

Question 17

How is the mechanism of action of cholecalciferol related to its’ toxicity and treatment?

Answer 17

The build of up vitamin D3 metabolites causes increase in plasma Ca and P > soft itssue mineralization (kidneys etc)

Question 18

Why is there a difference in the potential toxicity of zinc phosphide in animals that can or cannot vomit?

Answer 18

Induces vomiting in animals that can vomit, which can help with toxicosis.

Question 19

What is the target species for 3-CPT

Answer 19

Starling and blackbirds
Toxic to other birds as well (but often not palatable to other wild birds)
Metabolized diff in various bird species
Carcasses unlikely to be toxic to scavengers

Question 20

3-CPT Clinical Signs in mammals

Answer 20

Methemoglobinemia
CNS depression
Flaccid paralysis
Hypothermia
(respiratory arrest and death)
Prognosis based on ingested dose

Question 21

4-Aminopyridine target species

Answer 21

BIRDS
minimal risk of relay toxicosis
Highly toxic to mammals as well

Question 22

4-Aminopyridine Tox signs

Answer 22

Salivation
Hyperexcitability
Tremors
Tonic-clonic seizures
Cardiac arrhythmias

Question 23

What is the most common type of rodenticide?

Answer 23

Anticoagulants

Question 24

Why does the half life of a rodenticide matter?

Answer 24

It determines how long you have to treat for (can be days/weeks)

Question 25

Are ruminants or monogastrics more susceptible to rodenticides?

Answer 25

Monogastrics

Question 26

What species are most commonly poisoned by strychnine?

Answer 26

Dogs