Avicides and Rodenticides Flashcards
3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride (3-CPT) MOA
Reactive metabolites damage kidneys
4-aminopyridine MOA
Potassium channel blockade
Warfarin MOA
Inhibits vitamin K metabolism
Bromethalin MOA
Uncouples mitochondrion
Cholecalciferol MOA
Alters calcium and phosphorous uptake and mobilization
Sodium fluoroacetate MOA
Inhibition of the enzyme aconitase in the TCA cycle
Strychnine MOA
Blocks glycine signaling
Zinc phosphide MOA
Inhibits cytochrome oxidase and thus oxidative phosphorylation
4-aminopyridine Tx
Pancurionium for tremor
GI decontamination
Diazepam for seizures
Methylene blue contraindicated for methemoglobinemia
The time course for the onset and resolution of anti-coagulant rodenticide poisoning is primarily determined by:
The plasma half life of clotting factors
The elimination half life of the rodenticide
What is a common condition resulting from strychnine poisoning?
Opisthotonos
What is it called when a non-target species is poisoned as a result of consuming a target species?
Relay toxicosis
Are there specific treatments for 4-AP toxicosis outside of supportive and symptomatic treatments?
For anticoagulant rodenticide ingestion, if the animal is asymptomatic, what is the schema of treatment?
Emetic, cathartic
monitor PT
-> VItamin K therapy
For anticoagulant rodenticide ingestion, if the animal is symptomatic, what is the schema of treatment?
Which of the rodenticide agents may cause secondary poisonings via the eating of rodents that are killed?
Bromethalin
How is the mechanism of action of cholecalciferol related to its’ toxicity and treatment?
The build of up vitamin D3 metabolites causes increase in plasma Ca and P > soft itssue mineralization (kidneys etc)
Why is there a difference in the potential toxicity of zinc phosphide in animals that can or cannot vomit?
Induces vomiting in animals that can vomit, which can help with toxicosis.
What is the target species for 3-CPT
Starling and blackbirds
Toxic to other birds as well (but often not palatable to other wild birds)
Metabolized diff in various bird species
Carcasses unlikely to be toxic to scavengers
3-CPT Clinical Signs in mammals
Methemoglobinemia
CNS depression
Flaccid paralysis
Hypothermia
(respiratory arrest and death)
Prognosis based on ingested dose
4-Aminopyridine target species
BIRDS
minimal risk of relay toxicosis
Highly toxic to mammals as well
4-Aminopyridine Tox signs
Salivation
Hyperexcitability
Tremors
Tonic-clonic seizures
Cardiac arrhythmias
What is the most common type of rodenticide?
Anticoagulants
Why does the half life of a rodenticide matter?
It determines how long you have to treat for (can be days/weeks)
