Perspectives and issues

Question 1

Continuous

Answer 1

a process that consists of gradually adding on more of the same type of skills that were there to begin with

Question 2

Discontinuous

Answer 2

a process in which new ways of understanding and responding to the world emerge at particular time points

Question 3

quantitative changes is

Answer 3

Continuous

Question 4

qualitative changes is

Answer 4

Discontinuous

Question 5

Nature

Answer 5

the inborn biological factors, the hereditary information received from parents at the moment of conception that determine our characteristics and skills

Question 6

Nurture

Answer 6

refers to complex forces of the physical and social world that children encounter at home, school, community and neighborhood which determine the course of development

Question 7

Universal development

Answer 7

normative development that all individuals display. It focuses on the means and the “average” child. (this is what we learn about in the university)

Question 8

Particularistic development

Answer 8

developmental outcomes that vary from person to person. “idiographic” research is used that focuses on the individual child and factors that produce human diversity. (this is what we use in the clinic work)

Question 9

Activity (organismic theories)

Answer 9

they propose that change is stimulated from within the organism. Children are active purposeful beings who make sense of their world and determine their own learning

Question 10

Passivity/mechanistic theories

Answer 10

focus on the relationship between environmental inputs and behavioral outputs. Development is a straightforward, predictable consequence of events in the surrounding world