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AP Psychology > Perspectives > Flashcards

Perspectives Flashcards

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1
Q

empiricism

A

the view that knowledge originates from experience, therefore in science we should rely on experimentation

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2
Q

psychology

A

the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior

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3
Q

nature-nurture issue

A

controversy concerning the relative importance of heredity (nature) and environment (nurture) in various aspects of individual development, such as intelligence, personality, or mental illness

Do genetic or environmental factors have a greater influence on your behavior? Do inherited traits or life experiences play a greater role in shaping your personality?

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4
Q

natural selection

A

survival at it’s fittest

Charles Darwin

Evolution

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5
Q

structuralism

A

school of thought - Promoted by Wundt and Titchner; used introspection(looking inward, reflection) to reveal the struture of the mind

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6
Q

functionalism***

A

school of thought - Promoted by James and inspired by Darwin; exploration of mental and behovioral processes of function -

how they enable something to flourish, adapt, and survive.

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7
Q

Gestalt psychology

A

bhb

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8
Q

Biological perspective

A

Focus: how the body and brain enables emotions, memories, and sensory experiences; how genes combine with environment to influence differences.

links between biological (genetic, neural, hormonal) and psychological processes.

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9
Q

Behavioral perspective

A

Focus: how we learn observable responses

study of observable behavior and its explanations by principles of learning

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10
Q

Evolutionary perspective

A

Focus: How natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes

study of evolution of behavior and mind using principles of natural selection

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11
Q

Developmental perspective

A

studies physical, cognitive, social change throughout life span

studying changing abilities from womb to tomb

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12
Q

Psychodynamic perspective

A

Focus: How behavior drives from unconscious drives and conflicts

Reflects back at childhood memories

might view an outburst as an outlet for unconscious hostility (influence behavior)

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13
Q

Cognitive perspective

A

Focus: how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information

study of all mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating

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14
Q

Humanistic perspective

A

Focus: How we meet our needs for love and acceptance and achieve self fulfillment

emphasizes the potential for healthy human growth

all people can overcome bad because we are good

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15
Q

Sociocultural perspective

A

Focus: How behavior and thinking vary through diff societies and cultures

the study of how culture and society change thinking and affect behavior

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16
Q

Trait

A

a characteristic pattern of behavior

17
Q

Basic research

A

pure science that aims to increase knowledge base

18
Q

educational psychologist

A

the study how of psychological processes affect and enhance teaching

19
Q

personality psychologist

A

the study of one’s characteristic behavior o thinking feeling and acting

20
Q

social psychologist

A

study of how we think about , influence, and relate to one another

21
Q

applied research

A

the scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

22
Q

industrial-organizational psychologist

A

how people interact in a workplace environment

23
Q

human factors psychologist

A

how people and machines interact and how physical environments can be safe and easy to use

24
Q

counseling psychologist

A

assists people’s problems in living and achieving a greater wellbeing

25
Q

clinical psychologist

A

assess and treat mental, emotional, behavior disorders

26
Q

psychiatrist

A

provide psychotherapy

27
Q

positive psychology

A

the scientific study of human functioning, with goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help people and communities thrive

The field is founded on the belief that people want to lead meaningful and fulfilling lives, to cultivate what is best within themselves, and to enhance their experiences of love, work, and play.

28
Q

community psychology

A

how individuals relate to their communities and the reciprocal affect of communities on individuals.

29
Q

Gesalt Psychology

A

how people create patterns in their mind /illusions

anagrams is an example

30
Q

psychometric

A

measurement of human ability, attitudes, & traits

AP Psychology (11 decks)

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