Perspectives Flashcards
empiricism
the view that knowledge originates from experience, therefore in science we should rely on experimentation
psychology
the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior
nature-nurture issue
controversy concerning the relative importance of heredity (nature) and environment (nurture) in various aspects of individual development, such as intelligence, personality, or mental illness
Do genetic or environmental factors have a greater influence on your behavior? Do inherited traits or life experiences play a greater role in shaping your personality?
natural selection
survival at it’s fittest
Charles Darwin
Evolution
structuralism
school of thought - Promoted by Wundt and Titchner; used introspection(looking inward, reflection) to reveal the struture of the mind
functionalism***
school of thought - Promoted by James and inspired by Darwin; exploration of mental and behovioral processes of function -
how they enable something to flourish, adapt, and survive.
Gestalt psychology
bhb
Biological perspective
Focus: how the body and brain enables emotions, memories, and sensory experiences; how genes combine with environment to influence differences.
links between biological (genetic, neural, hormonal) and psychological processes.
Behavioral perspective
Focus: how we learn observable responses
study of observable behavior and its explanations by principles of learning
Evolutionary perspective
Focus: How natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes
study of evolution of behavior and mind using principles of natural selection
Developmental perspective
studies physical, cognitive, social change throughout life span
studying changing abilities from womb to tomb
Psychodynamic perspective
Focus: How behavior drives from unconscious drives and conflicts
Reflects back at childhood memories
might view an outburst as an outlet for unconscious hostility (influence behavior)
Cognitive perspective
Focus: how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information
study of all mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating
Humanistic perspective
Focus: How we meet our needs for love and acceptance and achieve self fulfillment
emphasizes the potential for healthy human growth
all people can overcome bad because we are good
Sociocultural perspective
Focus: How behavior and thinking vary through diff societies and cultures
the study of how culture and society change thinking and affect behavior
Trait
a characteristic pattern of behavior
Basic research
pure science that aims to increase knowledge base
educational psychologist
the study how of psychological processes affect and enhance teaching
personality psychologist
the study of one’s characteristic behavior o thinking feeling and acting
social psychologist
study of how we think about , influence, and relate to one another
applied research
the scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
industrial-organizational psychologist
how people interact in a workplace environment
human factors psychologist
how people and machines interact and how physical environments can be safe and easy to use
counseling psychologist
assists people’s problems in living and achieving a greater wellbeing
clinical psychologist
assess and treat mental, emotional, behavior disorders
psychiatrist
provide psychotherapy
positive psychology
the scientific study of human functioning, with goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help people and communities thrive
The field is founded on the belief that people want to lead meaningful and fulfilling lives, to cultivate what is best within themselves, and to enhance their experiences of love, work, and play.
community psychology
how individuals relate to their communities and the reciprocal affect of communities on individuals.
Gesalt Psychology
how people create patterns in their mind /illusions
anagrams is an example
psychometric
measurement of human ability, attitudes, & traits
