Personality Review Flashcards
Characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting
Personality
Personality emerges from unconscious motives and unresolved conflicts
Sigmund Freud
Interpret underlying unconscious motives and conflicts
Psychoanalysis
focus less on negative/sexual experiences
Psychodynamic Perspective
Exploring unconscious to bring to consciousness
Free Association
When unconscious becomes conscious
Preconscious
Unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories
Unconscious
Shoulder devil, what we want to do, pleasure principle
Id
shoulder angel, what you should do, morality principle
Superego
Kronk, what you can do
Ego
Id figuring things out
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
chewing, biting, sucking
Oral Stage
potty training
Anal Stage
body anatomy
Phallic Stage
gender identity
Latency Stage
dating/relationships
Genital Stage
Ego’s way of protecting us
Defense Mechanisms
block away as if it doesn’t exist
Homework, tests, chores
Repression
Go back to more comfortable states
Biting nails, phone as pacifier, fetal position
Regression
Refuse to accept or admit things
Homework, fights, punishments
Denial
Think/feel one way, do the opposite
Reaction Formation
Your own thoughts/feelings put on others
Call someone out, crying
Projection
justify things
Rationalization
Unacceptable thought/feelings into something more acceptable
Displacement
Alfred Adler was an Austrian medical doctor, and psychotherapist. Adler’s theory suggested that every person has a sense of inferiority.
Alfred Adler (Inferiority Complex)
Carl Gustav Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. He believed that human beings are connected to each other and their ancestors through a shared set of experiences.
Carl Jung (Collective Unconscious)
Was a German psychoanalyst. She found that psychoanalysis negatively biased toward women and believed cultural variables are the foundation of personality development
Karen Horney
Use ambiguous stimuli to trigger inner thoughts/ feelings
Projective Tests
Show them a picture they tell a story
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Show inkblot image explain what they see
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Perspective that focuses on the study of conscious experience
(capacity for personal growth)
Humanistic Psychology
Developing the hierarchy of needs
Abraham Maslow (Hierarchy of Needs)
Basic physical and psychological needs are met
Self Actualization
Notion of unconditional positive regard
Carl Rogers
Attitude of total empathy in human growth
Unconditional Positive Regard
Consistent aspects of personality
Traits
Characteristic pattern of thinking
Personality
Shows how the same person can be generous in one situation and self centered in another situation
Social Cognitive Perspective
Identified over 18,000 ways to describe people
Gordon Allport (Trait Theory)
Believed there are 16 human traits
Raymond Cattell (Factor Analysis)
Coined the terms introvert and extravert
Hans Eysenck (Biological Dimensions)
Endpoints, careful, and disciplined or disorganized, careless, and impulsive
Conscientiousness
Endpoints, soft-hearted, trusting, and helpful or ruthless, suspicious, and uncooperative
Agreeableness
Endpoints, calm, secure, and self-satisfied or anxious, insecure, and self-pity
Neuroticism (emotional stability)
Endpoints, imaginative, preference of variety, and independent or practical, preference for route, and conforming
Openness
Endpoints, sociable, fun-loving, affectionate or retiring, sober, reserved
Extraversion
American scientist who developed the social-cognitive perspective. Believed that the way to understand personality is to consider thoughts before, during and after an event.
Albert Bandura
Mutual influences between personality and environmental factors
Reciprocal Determinism
Perception that chance, or forces beyond your control determine your fate
External Locus of Control
Perception that you control your own fate
Internal Locus of Control
Feeling helpless to avoid feeling negative situations (Martin Seligman gained the theory by shocking dogs)
Martin Seligman (Learned Helplessness)
The idea of what makes life worth living
Positive Psychology
