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Physcology > Neuron and Brain Vocab > Flashcards

Neuron and Brain Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive message (from other neurons)

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2
Q

Soma

A

Keeps cell healthy

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3
Q

Nucleus

A

Heart of cell body

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4
Q

Axon

A

Transports message

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5
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Sends message faster and protecting the message

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6
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Gaps between myelin sheath, allows message to skip

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7
Q

Axon Terminals

A

Sends messages, stores neurotransmitters (neurons, muscles, glands)

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8
Q

Resting Potential

A

Neuron waiting to fire

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9
Q

Action Potential

A

Neuron firing

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10
Q

Threshold

A

level of stimulation needed to fire

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11
Q

Depolarization

A

Positive ions mix with negative axon

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12
Q

All or Nothing Response

A

Fires or doesn’t

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13
Q

Refractory Period

A

Positives ions go back outside

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14
Q

Strength of Signal

A

How many neurons fire

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15
Q

Sensory Nerves

A

Send sensory info to brain

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16
Q

Interneurons

A

Touch, taste, sight, smell, sound process the info in brain

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17
Q

Motor Nerves

A

send info to body about movement

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18
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical messengers that transport sensory info
Medicine = normal neurotransmitters leave

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19
Q

Antagonist (inhibitory effect)

A

blocks neurotransmitters (inhibitory effect)

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20
Q

Agonist (excitatory effect)

A

mimic neurotransmitters

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21
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

Brain and spinal cord (interneurons)

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22
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

Connects body to brain (sensory and motor neurons)

23
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

voluntary skeletal muscle movements

24
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

controls automatic body functions

25
Q

Sympathetic Division

A

amps you up (fight or flight)

26
Q

Parasympathetic Division

A

calms you down (rest and digest)

27
Q

Endocrine System

A

glands release hormones into the bloodstream

28
Q

Hormones

A

chemical messengers for glands

29
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

controls other glands and communicates with brain

30
Q

CAT/CT Scan

A

x rays of slices of brain

31
Q

MRI

A

magnetic fields and radio waves to make a 3D model of brain

32
Q

EEG

A

Measures electrical activity of the brain

33
Q

PET Scan

A

Watching brain activity with radioactive glucose

34
Q

Brainstem

A

automatic survival functions

35
Q

Medulla (Oblongata)

A

heartbeat and breathing

36
Q

Reticular Formation

A

wakefulness and arousal

37
Q

Thalamus

A

Brain’s sensory switchboard

38
Q

Cerebellum

A

ordinates voluntary movement and balance

39
Q

Limbic System

A

regulates maintenance activities

40
Q

Hypothalamus

A

regulates eating, drinking, body temp, arousal

41
Q

Hippocampus

A

processes memory for storage

42
Q

Amygdala

A

controls emotions

43
Q

The Cerebral Cortex

A

(wrinkly part of the brain) higher order thinking

44
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

involved in making plans and judgements

45
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

the general association area

46
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

processes vision

47
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

processes hearing

48
Q

Motor Cortex

A

processes movement

49
Q

Somatosensory Cortex

A

processes body sensations

50
Q

Left Hemisphere of Brain

A

controls right side of body, language and logic

51
Q

Right Hemisphere of Brain

A

controls left side of body, art, visual, creativity stuff

52
Q

Longitudinal Fissure

A

divides two hemispheres

53
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

connects two hemispheres and allows them to communicate

Physcology (7 decks)

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