Personality pt 4 humanistic & cognitive Flashcards
What is Bandura’s social learning theory?
internal vs external forces controlling our behaviour
○ Bandura suggests person, environmental and behavioural factors work together
○ Reciprocal determinism: everything is affected everything else
What is the Rotter’s behaviour potential equation and what does it mean?
Behaviour potential = Reinforcement value x Expectancy
To predict behaviour in a particular situation, we need to know the
options & the possible outcomes the individual sees related to each option
What are the main cognitive personality theories?
Kelly - interpretative processes for personal constructs
Ellis - rational-emotive behaviour theory/therapy
What does Kelly’s interpretative processes for personal constructs theory suggest?
human nature is like scientists generating hypotheses from subjective data, we make predictions about what will happen to us
What does Ellis’ rational-emotive behaviour theory suggest?
Humankind is innately rational/irrational
– Two goals: i) To stay alive ii) To be happy
Rational Behaviour
– Helps individuals to achieve basic goals
Irrational Behaviour
– Prevents individuals achieving basic goals
What are the main humanistic personality theories?
Maslow - self-actualisation, hierarchy of needs
Rogers - theory of personality, person, centred therapy
What is self-actualisation?
Human nature & human motivation
– Basically good
– Innate tendencies towards
growth & development
– Weak; easily overcome by
negative environmental influences
What is hierarchy of needs?
model for understanding the motivations of human behaviour
What is Rogers’ theory of personality?
Individuals play an active shaping role
Everyone has a subjective way of viewing the world
○ Positive regard/self-regard: unconditional for others and the self, but as people grow up, they realise there are conditions attached; conditions of worth
What is Rogers’ person-centred therapy?
Both the client and the therapist must be in psychological contact
2. The client is in a state of incongruence and feels anxious about it
3. The counsellor is congruent in the relationship
4. The therapist experiences unconditional positive regard for the client
5. The therapist experiences an empathic understanding of the client’s internal
frame of reference
6. The client perceives the counsellor’s unconditional positive regard for them
and the counsellor’s empathic understanding of their difficulties
What is Stephenson’s Q-sort measurement of self-concept?
A list of around 100 adjectives/short
statements describing personality attributes
Sort into 9 categories
In relation to real self, then ideal self
