Intelligence pt 1 current theories Flashcards
What are the main features of Spearman’s general intelligence - g - theory (1904)?
Specific abilities ‘s’ eg. maths/vocab skills vs general intelligence ‘g’ - underlying mental energy
Use of factor analysis to group correlated tests together
What are the main features of Thurstone’s multiple factors theory (1938)?
‘g’ is the result of, rather than underlying reason behind, 7 primary mental abilities: Associative memory (– rote learning)
Number (- carry out mathematical operations) Perceptual speed (– perceive details of visual stimuli) Reasoning (– inductive and deductive reasoning)
Space (– transform spatial figures mentally)
Verbal comprehension (– reading, comprehension,
verbal analogies)
Word fluency (– generate and use words and letters)
What are the main features of Cattell’s crystalised & fluid intelligence theory (1966)?
Crystalised intelligence (Gc): acquired knowledge and skills, vocabulary, comprehension, factual knowledge
Fluid intelligence (Gf): reasoning ability, problem solving, patterns, analogies, understanding new information
There is a changing relationship between these two components throughout time
What are the main features of Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory of cognitive abilities (1999)?
Combining their three ideas:
Cattell 1960s: Gc and Gf (crystalised and fluid intelligence)
Cattell-Horn 1980s: 9 broad g abilities
Carroll 1993: three-stratum model of general, broad and narrow stratums of intelligence features
What were Gardner’s 7 intelligences in multiple intelligences theory (1983)? And what two were later added (1996, 1998)?
‘Conventional’: linguistic, logic-mathematical, reasoning
other types:
musical, bodily kinaesthetic, interpersonal (relating to others), intrapersonal (understanding oneself)
Then added naturalist and existentialist
What were the 4 branches of Salovey & Mayor’s model of intelligence (1990)?
Perceiving - recognising emotions
Facilitating - using emotions to make judgements & prioritise
Understanding - emotions
Managing - detached evaluation, emotion regulation
What were the main features of Goleman’s theory of EI (1995; 2001)?
mixed model of intelligence combining EI - emotional awareness, and personality and behaviour traits
2001 & 2002 - defined 4 emotional competencies: self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, social skills/management
What were the main features of Bar-On’s emotional-social intelligence model (1997, 2005)?
Emotionally and socially intelligent behaviour is adaptive, emotional expression is important for adaptation & survival
5 major domains: intrapersonal skills, interpersonal skills, adaptability scales, stress-management scales, general mood
