Personality Psych Flashcards
Research Methods
Hypothesis Testing
Case Studies
Statistics Assessment
Four Types of Data
S (self judgment) Data: Your own personality
I (informant) Data: Info from another person
L (life) Data: Observable life outcomes
B (behavioral) Data: Direct observations of a person doing something
Big Five Personalty Traits
Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism
Sigmund Freud
Psychoanalysis
Psychic Determinism
Everything that happens in a persons mind (thoughts ad actions) has a specific cause
3 Part Internal Structure
Id: Internal impulses
Ego: Rationale between id and superego
Superego: Morals
Oral (Psychosexual Development)
Birth-18 months, focus on mouth (teething, eating)
Anal (Psychosexual Development)
18 months-3 1/2 years, focus on potty training
Phallic (Psychosexual Development)
3 1/2-7 years, focus on gender identity
Latency Period (Psychosexual Development)
7-Puberty, period of learning
Genital (Psychosexual Development)
Puberty and up, focus on sexuality and mature relationships
Freudian slips (Parapaxes) & Defense Mechanisms
Denial, repression, reaction formation, projection, rationalization, intellectualization, displacement, sublimation
Carl Jung
Collective Unconsciousness: All people share inborn memories and ideas
Archetypes: The core ideas of how people think about the world, “Mother Nature,” “the devil”
Persona: Ones social mask they wear in public
Anima/Animus: Idea of a female in the mind of a male/idea of a male in the mind of a female
Erik Erikson (Psychosocial Development)
Trust/Mistrust Autonomy/Shame & Doubt Initiative/Guilt Industry/Inferiority Identity/Role Confusion Intimacy/Isolation Generativity/Stagnation Integrity/Despair
Mary Ainsworth
Attachment Theories
Anxious-Ambivalent Attachment
Inconsistent care, often grow upset when the mother is not around, cling to teachers and peers ini a way that drives them away
Avoidant Attachment
Do not appear to care about the presence of their mother, but when she leaves children show small signs of distress (increased heart rate)
Secure Attachment
Develop faith in themselves and caregivers, show mother love when she returns
Rogers and Unconditional Positive Regard
A person who faces experiences directly can become a fully functioning person, receive unconditional positive regard from important people in the life
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Basic needs (survival and security) then self actualization
Habituation
Decrease in response to a stimulus after being repeatedly exposed to it
Classical Conditioning
The conditioning of involuntary behaviors (salivation)
Ivan Pavlov and his dogs: Unconditioned stimulus (food), unconditioned response (salivation), conditioned stimulus (bell), conditioned response (salivation)
Operant Conditioning
The conditioning of voluntary behaviors with the expectation of a reward
Punishment
Any change in a human or animal’s surroundings that occurs after a given behavior or response which reduces the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future
