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Senior Psych Exam > Cognitive Psych > Flashcards

Cognitive Psych Flashcards

1
Q

Introspection

A

People report their thinking as they perform a task

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2
Q

Experimental Cognitive Psych

A

Lab experiments with controls and participants

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3
Q

Cognitive Neuroscience

A

Study how the brain reacts to certain tasks or stimuli using brain scanning

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4
Q

Cognitive Neuropsych

A

Study brain scans of people with brain damage

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5
Q

Computational Cognitive Science

A

Using computer processes to understand the brain

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6
Q

Object Recognition

A

Match image with internal representation

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7
Q

Feature Theory

A

Match image features with features in memory

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8
Q

Template Matching Theory

A

Compare incoming stimuli to previously known stimuli/2D picture

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9
Q

Recognition By Components (RBC)

A

Rely on goons to recognize objects

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10
Q

Holistic Processing

A

Recognize faces as a whole

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11
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

Inability to recognize faces

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12
Q

Capgras Syndrome

A

Delusion in which you believe family members have been replaced by imposters

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13
Q

Imagery

A

Mental representation of stimuli not physically there

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14
Q

Propositional Coding

A

We think about specific characteristics

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15
Q

Analog Coding

A

We pull up mental images

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16
Q

Evidence

A

Mental rotation, image scanning, size scaling, selective interference, neurophysiology

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17
Q

Subliminal Perception

A

Perceiving information below your conscious awareness

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18
Q

Deja Vu

A

Feeling of familiarity of experiences, but knowing you haven’t (Associative vs. Biological)

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19
Q

Freud

A

Believed that deja vu was caused by repressed memories or desires

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20
Q

Divided Attention

A

States that deja vu is caused by background info that is being absorbed whole you are consciously aware of other things

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21
Q

Hologram Theory

A

States that deja vu is the current/new situation that shares some common components as the old one (enough to feel familiar but not enough to be a memory)

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22
Q

Delayed Vision

A

States that deja vu is visual info that travels through different paths, one piece of info is delayed and when it arrives the brain assumes it has already experienced it

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23
Q

False Memories

A

States that deja vu is something that activates a memory from a movie or something similar and then is interpreted as an actual memory

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24
Q

Blindsight

A

Visual cortex damage, no conscious visual perception, but able to perform visual tasks well

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25
Conscious Will
Rubber hand illusion, body swap illusion, out of body experiences
26
Ideomotor Effect
No conscious awareness of your body movements (Ouija board)
27
Soon (2008,2013)
Found a 5-7 second gap between unconscious brain activity and conscious decision
28
Visual Attention
Feature search=parallel processing (all at once)
29
Conjunction Search
Serial processing (one at a time)
30
Spatial Attention
Attention as a "spotlight"
31
Change Blindness
Change in surroundings that go unnoticed by the observer, failure to recognize
32
Auditory
Dichotic listening/selective listening
33
Divided Attention
Influences: Similarity of tasks and practice Studies: All texts while driving impair attention
34
Atkinson and Shriffon Model of Memory
Sensory store-> STM-> LTM
35
Sensory Store
High capacity, purely physical, brief duration (seconds)
36
STM
Limited capacity (7+/-2), acoustic coding, 15-30 second duration
37
LTM
Large capacity, semantic coding, long and permanent duration
38
Baddley and Hitch
Working Memory Model
39
Phonological Loop
Verbal, auditory info. Word length effects, articulatory suppression, irrelevant speech effect
40
Visuospatial Sketchpad
Visual, location info. Grid studies, image complexity, imagery studies
41
Central Executive
Manager, controlled updating of buffets, task switching, setting goals and planning
42
Levels of Processing
Memory is a continuum
43
Shallow Level of Processing
Physical aspects, poor memory
44
Deep Level of Processing
Based on meaning, good memory
45
Long Term Declarative Memory
Conscious, explicit Episodic: personal experience Semantic: knowledge, facts
46
Long Term Non-Declarative Memory
Unconscious, implicit | Procedural: how to memory
47
Retrograde Amnesia
Difficulty in recalling events before an accident
48
Anterograde Amnesia
Difficulty in recalling events after an accident
49
Organic Amnesia
Alzheimer's, Korsakoff's, brain damage
50
Dissociative Amnesia
Limited Amnesia
51
Dissociative Fugue
Amnesia for personal identity including memories; dissociative identity disorder
52
Retrieval
Best memory when same encoding and retrieval cues
53
Semantic Cues
Associative strength principle | Episodic cues: encoding specificity principle
54
Mood Congruent Memory
Best memory is when material conveys the mood that you're in
55
State Dependent Memory
Best memory occurs when you're in the same physiological state during learning and testing
56
Forgetting Curve (Ebbinghaus)
Immediate recall-> Rapid forgetting-> Steady rate of retrieval
57
Retroactive Interference
Newly learned info interferes with the recall of previously learned info
58
Proactive Interference
Difficulty learning new info because of already existing info
59
DRM Paradigm
Subjects are given a list of words, and then are prompted with those same words and tend to select words that are related but were not actually present
60
Elizabeth Loftus
Implanted false memories
61
Substitution Hypothesis
New info replaces old info
62
Coexistence Hypothesis
Both memories still exist, false memory is more recent
63
Pollyanna Principle
Remember happy things rather than sad things
64
Childhood Amnesia
Limited to no memory before 3 or 4 years of age
65
Reminiscence Bump
Most likely to remember memories from 15-25 years old
66
Flashbulb Memories
Detailed, vivid recollection of an emotional/important event
67
Link Method
Make up story linking items together
68
Method of Loci
Associating each item with a location on a familiar path
69
Peg Word Method
Mentally link items on your list to a list of peg words
70
First Letter Methods
Acronyms | ex: ROYGBIV
71
Keyword Method
Linking together any two words in your memory to remember definitions
72
Knowledge
Semantic Memory
73
Three Levels of Categorization
Superordinate: Most general. Clothing, animals Basic: Used most often, processed quickly//coat, bird Subordinate: Most specific, if subject is an expert, subordinate categories become basic// long sleeved blue jacket
74
Hierarchical Network Model
Nodes organized into a hierarchy, spreading activation, nodes show category membership and properties
75
Feature Theory: Defining Features
All members have these
76
Feature Theory: Characteristic Features
Most members have these
77
Bottom-Up Processing
Starts with phonemes-> words
78
Top-Down Processing
Use of higher level knowledge to interpret phonemes
79
Word Superiority Effect
Recognizing a letter is easier when it's inside a word
80
Dual Route Model
Phonological Route= Non lexical | Direct Route= Lexical
81
Surface Dyslexia
Disruption of the direct route, must sound things out
82
Phonological Dyslexia
Disruption of the phonological route, must visually recognize word
83
Eye Movements
Fixations Saccades: Jumps Good Readers: Longer saccades, shorter fixations, fewer regressions
84
Comprehension Factors
Double negative, passive voire, and ambiguity make comprehension harder
85
Schemas
Mental framework for organizing knowledge/thoughts
86
Creativity
Producing something novel and appropriate
87
Measuring Creativity
Divergent Production, RAT
88
Wallas 4 Stage View
Used introspection | Preparation, incubation, illumination, verification
89
Rhodes and Stemberg's Framework
Person, process, press, product
90
Amabiles Componential Model
Domain relevant skills, creativity relevant process, intrinsic motivation
91
Problem Solving
Trying to reach a goal when the path is not immediately obvious
92
Representativeness Heuristic
Judge the likelihood of an event based on how similar it is to the population
93
Base Rate Neglect
Ignore the rate of occurrence and rely on stereotypes
94
Conjunction Fallacy
Failure to realize that the probability of two events both occurring cannot exceed the probability of either occurring alone
95
Availability Heuristic
Judge the likelihood of an event based on how easily it comes to mind
96
Anchoring and Adjustment
Making an approximation of a solution and then adjusting that value to fit new info
97
Framing
Wording of a question influences decisions Avoid risks when focusing on gains Take risks when focusing on losses
98
Sunk Costs
Costs are nonrefundable, most people stick with it
99
Type 1 Processing
Fast and automatic but not necessarily accurate
100
Type 2 Processing
Slower, deliberate process, more likely to be accurate
101
Deductive Reasoning
Drawing specific conclusions from general info | ex: Most teachers don't like late hw, therefore this specific teacher probably doesn't like late homework too
102
Inductive Reasoning
Drawing general conclusions from specific info | ex: This teacher doesn't like late hw, therefore all teachers don't like late hw

Senior Psych Exam (6 decks)

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