History and Modern Systems

Question 1

Thales

Answer 1

Basic substance is water

Question 2

Anaximenes

Answer 2

Basic substance is air

Question 3

Anaximander

Answer 3

Basic substance is “potential”, boundless higher power

Question 4

Heraclitus

Answer 4

Continual change

Question 5

Democritus

Answer 5

Atoms

Question 6

Paramendes

Answer 6

Change is an illusion

Question 7

Socrates

Answer 7

Nature of human existence

Question 8

Plato

Answer 8

Dualist, knowledge obtained through reasoning only, pure forms (ideas) -> manifestations of forms

Question 9

Galileo

Answer 9

Primary qualities (described mathematically)/ secondary qualities (love, anger) = irrelevant to scientific inquiry

Question 10

Newton

Answer 10

6 principles of science

Question 11

Darwin

Answer 11

Evolution

Question 12

Empiricism

Answer 12

Truth through sensory experiences

Question 13

Rationalism

Answer 13

Truth through rationale/rules

Question 14

A Theory Is

Answer 14

Parsimonious (simple)
Falsifiable (Be able to be proven wrong)
Utility (Useful)

Question 15

Ontological

Answer 15

What is real?

Question 16

Epistemological

Answer 16

How do we know what is real?

Question 17

Determinism

Answer 17

Biological, environmental, sociocultural

Question 18

Indeterminism

Answer 18

Causes of behavior cannot be accurately measured

Question 19

Non-Determinism

Answer 19

No causes for much of human behavior, rejection of science as a way of studying behavior

Question 20

Occams Razor

Answer 20

Ideas should always be kept as parsimonious as possible

Question 21

Zeno’s Paradox

Answer 21

An object can never reach another because it will have to halve the distance infinitely

Question 22

David Hume

Answer 22

Demonstrative “a priori”, empirical “a posteriori”

Question 23

John Locke

Answer 23

Simple and complex ideas (sensation/reflection), passive mind

Question 24

Berkley

Answer 24

Anti-materialist, God’s perception created reality, passive mind

Question 25

Immanuel Kant

Answer 25

We are not blank slates, intuition of space and time, categories of understanding (quality, quantity, relations, modality)

Question 26

Rene Descartes

Answer 26

Innate ideas (in which Lock and Berkley opposed), mind and body are separate

Question 27

Pierre Flourens

Answer 27

Pioneered extirpation in brain research

Question 28

Stereotactic Instrument

Answer 28

Mechanical instrument used to extirpate animals, localization of function in animal brains by destroying parts and seeing what behavior was affected

Question 29

Walter Freeman

Answer 29

The lobotomist

Question 30

Thorzine

Answer 30

Chemical lobotomy

Question 31

Phones Gage

Answer 31

Metal rod through eye/frontal lobe, changes in personality (increased anger, etc)
Were these changes due to frontal lobe damage or a traumatic experience?

Question 32

Edward Thorndike

Answer 32

Puzzle box experiments with cats

Question 33

Deduced That Learning Is (Thorndike)

Answer 33

Incremental

Automatic

Question 34

Gestalt Psych + Fritz Pearlz

Answer 34

Focuses on the here and now, hand gestures and expressions in that moment, attempts to draw attention to that persons mannerisms

Question 35

Jean Baptiste Lamark

Answer 35

Spontaneous generation of individual life forms in history
Inheritance of acquired characteristics
Origin of life

Question 36

Alfred Russell Wallace

Answer 36

Co-discovered natural selection with Darwin

Question 37

3 Primary Influences on Darwin

Answer 37

Charles Lyell: Proposed a old, slow earth
Thomas Mathus: Principle of population, population rate is growing faster than the increase in resources
HMS Beagle

Question 38

Proximate (Nico Tinbergen)

Answer 38

Mechanism: Psych
Ontogeny: Evolution of a behavior over the organisms lifespan

Question 39

Ultimate (Nico Tinbergen)

Answer 39

Adaptive Value: Functional Explanations

Phylogeny: Evolution of a behavior over the species entire existence