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PSYNTRO > personality psych > Flashcards

personality psych Flashcards

1
Q

relatively enduring predispositions (traits) that influence our behavior across many situations

these traits account in part for consistencies in our behavior across time and situations

unique and relatively stable behavior patterns

the consistency of who you are, have been, and will become

A

personality

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2
Q

hereditary aspects of personality, including sensitivity, moods, irritability, and adaptability

A

temperament

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3
Q

stable qualities that a person shows in most situations

A

personality trait

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4
Q

people who have several traits in common

A

personality type

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5
Q

a mental and emotional entity that characterizes a person

set of emotions, beliefs, and behavior towards other people, events, places, etc

a learned behavior

positive - negative - uncertain

explicit - implicit

A

attitude

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6
Q

components of attitude

A
  1. cognitive component
  2. affective component
  3. behavioral component
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7
Q

how the object, person, issue, or event makes u feel

A

affective component

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8
Q

how attitude influences your behavior

A

behavioral component

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9
Q

personal characteristics that have been judged or evaluated

A

character

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10
Q

we must beware of _______ of human behavior

A

single-cause explanations

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11
Q

personality is ______

A

multiply determined

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12
Q

causal factors of personality

A
  1. genetic
  2. prenatal
  3. parenting
  4. peer influences
  5. life stressors (good/bad)
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13
Q

2 ways of studying behavior

A

nomothetic
idiographic

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14
Q

focuses on identifying general laws that govern the behavior of all individuals

attempts to derive principles that explain the thinking emotions and behaviors

allows generalization

A

nomothetic

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15
Q

focuses on identifying the unique configuration of characteristics and life history experiences within a person

allows for limited generalizability to other people

A

idiographic

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16
Q

temporary way of being

thinking, feeling, behaving, relating

A

state

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17
Q

tends to be a more stable and enduring characteristic or pattern of behavior

A

trait

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18
Q

causes of personality

A
  1. genetic factors
  2. shared environmental factors
  3. nonshared environmental factors
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19
Q

temperament

A

genetic factors

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20
Q

experiences that make indivs within the same family more alike

A

shared environmental factors

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21
Q

experiences that make indivs within the same family less alike

A

nonshared environmental factors

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22
Q

2 personality types (carl jung)

A

introvert
extrovert

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23
Q

shy, self-centered person whose attention is focused inward

A

introvert

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24
Q

bold, outgoing person whose attention is directed outward

A

extrovert

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25
Q

ur ideas, perceptions, and feelings about who u are

A

self-concept

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26
Q

how we evaluate ourselves: positive/negative?

A

self-esteem

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27
Q

system of concepts, assumptions, ideas, and principles proposed to explain personality

A

personality theories

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28
Q

attempt to learn what traits make up personality and how they relate to actual behavior

aim to describe personality w a small num of traits/factors

A

trait theory

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29
Q

proponents of trait theory

A

allport
costa
mcrae

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30
Q

big 5 traits

A
  1. openness
  2. conscientiousness
  3. extraversion
  4. agreeableness
  5. neuroticism
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31
Q

“Depth Psychology”

focus on the inner workings of personality, especially internal conflicts and struggles

A

psychoanalytic theory

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32
Q

proponent of psychoanalytic theory

A

sigmund freud

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33
Q

develops in stages; everyone goes thru same stages in order

majority of personality is formed before age 7

A

freudian personality development

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34
Q

area on body capable of producing pleasure

A

erogenous zone

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35
Q

unresolved conflict/emotional hang-up caused by overindulgence/frustration

A

fixation

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36
Q

levels of awareness

A

unconscious
conscious
preconscious

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37
Q

holds repressed memories and emotions and the id’s instinctual drives

A

unconscious

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38
Q

everything u are aware of at a given moment

A

conscious

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39
Q

material that can easily be brought into awareness

A

preconscious

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40
Q

provinces of the mind

A

id
ego
superego

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41
Q

innate biological instincts and urges; self-serving, irrational, and totally unconscious

pleasure principle

A

id

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42
Q

executive; directs id energies

partially conscious and partially unconscious

reality principle

always caught in the middle of battles between superego’s desires for moral behavior and the id’s desires for immediate gratification

A

ego

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43
Q

judge/censor for thoughts and actions of ego

moral principle

A

superego

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44
Q

caused by id impulses that ego can barely control

A

neurotic anxiety

45
Q

comes from threats of punishment from the superego

A

moral anxiety

46
Q

habitual and unconscious (in most cases) psychological processes designed to reduce anxiety

A

defense mechanisms

47
Q

freudian defense mechanisms

A
  1. denial
  2. repression
  3. projection
  4. rationalization
  5. reaction formation
48
Q

most primitive; refusing to believe, denying reality; usually occurs w death and illness

A

denial

49
Q

held out of our awareness

A

repression

50
Q

when one’s own feelings, shortcomings, or unacceptable traits and impulses are seen in others; exaggeration negative traits in others lowers anxiety

A

projection

51
Q

justifying personal actions by giving “rational” but false reasons for them

A

rationalization

52
Q

impulses are repressed and the opposite behavior is exaggerated

A

reaction formation

53
Q

model of personality that emphasizes learning and observable behavior

A

behavioral theory

54
Q

3 behavioral theories

A

classical conditioning
behavioral analysis
dollard and miller’s theory

55
Q

external conditions that influence our behavior

A

situational determinants

56
Q

proponents of behavioral theory

A

pavlov
skinner
dollard
miller

57
Q

viewed indiv differences in personality as the result of learning and different environmental experiences

found to be very useful for the modification of behavior

A

classical conditioning

58
Q

can help to better predict how someone will behave

skinner believed that you can change a person’s behavior by using a series of rewards and punishments

if you are “trained” right, you can become a person w any sort of personality trait

emphasis on the importance of the environment to explain the situational variations in behavior

A

behavioral analysis

59
Q

learned behavior patterns; makes up structure of personality

A

habits

60
Q

habits are governed by

A
  1. drive
  2. cue
  3. response
  4. reward
61
Q

any stimulus strong enough to goad a person into action

A

drive

62
Q

signals from the environment that guide responses

A

cue

63
Q

any behavior, either internal/observable; actions

A

response

64
Q

positive reinforcement

A

reward

65
Q

attribute differences in perspectives to socialization, expectations, and mental processes

emphasizes the importance of observing, modeling, and imitating the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reaction of others

behavior is learned from the environment through the process of observational learning

A

social learning theory

66
Q

component of social learning theory

A

albert bandura

67
Q

learning principles x cognition x effects of Social Relationships

A

slt-locus of control

68
Q

proponent of slt-locus of control

A

julian rotter

69
Q

how the person interprets/defines the situation

A

psychological situation

70
Q

anticipation that making a response will lead to reinforcement

A

expectancy

71
Q

subjective value attached to a particular activity/reinforcer

A

reinforcement value

72
Q

focus on priv, subjective experience, and personal growth

human expi, problems, potentials, ideas

A

humanistic theory

73
Q

people are inherently motivated toward achieving positive psychological functioning

A

person centered theory

73
Q

proponents of humanistic theory

A

rogers
maslow

74
Q

proponent of person centered theory

A

rogers

75
Q

lives in harmony with his/her deepest feelings and impulses

A

fully functioning person

76
Q

flexible and changing perception of one’s identity

A

self

77
Q

total subjective perception of your body and personality

A

self-image

78
Q

exists when there is a discrepancy between one’s experiences and self-image

A

incongruence

79
Q

idealized image of oneself (the person one would like to be)

A

ideal self

80
Q

thinking of oneself as good, loveable, worthwhile person

A

positive self-regard

81
Q

unshakable love and approval

A

unconditional positive regard

82
Q

believed that successful fulfillment of each layer of needs was vital in the development of personality

A

maslow’s heirarchy of needs

83
Q

traits, qualities, potentials, and behavior patterns most characteristic of humans

A

human nature

84
Q

ability to choose that is not controlled by genetics, learning, or unconscious forces

A

free choice

85
Q

private perceptions of reality

A

subjective experience

86
Q

process of fully developing personal potentials

A

self-actualization

87
Q

temporary moments of self-actualization

A

peak experiences

88
Q

goals of personality assessment

A
  1. describe current functioning: cognition, clinical disturbance, daily functioning
  2. identify therapeutic needs (clinical)
  3. monitor treatment over time (clinical
  4. provide skilled feedback (clinical/career)
  5. guide in making decisions (career/edu)
89
Q

battery of tests

eval/measurement

A

assessment

90
Q

example of assessment

A

career assessment

91
Q

one type of test specific to a domain

A

testing

92
Q

types of testing

A

beck’s depression inventory
mbti

93
Q

types of personality assessments

A
  1. self-report inventories
  2. projectve tests
  3. behavioral reports
94
Q

paper and pencil format or may even be administered on a computer

carefully designed questionnaires developed w theoretical and statistical techniques

widely used in assessing personality but still highly debatable

A

self-report inventories

95
Q

psychological tests that use ambiguous/unstructured stimuli; person needs to describe the ambiguous stimuli or make up stories about them

A

projectve tests

96
Q

interview and direct observation

A

behavioral reports

97
Q

Extraversion VS Introversion
Judging VS Perceiving
Intuition VS Sensing
Thinking VS Feeling

A

Myers-Briggs Personality Test (MBTI)

98
Q

instrument that could be used as an objective tool for assessing different psychiatric conditions and their severity

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MPPI)

99
Q

measures and tests the 5 main traits outlined in the five-factor personality model

A

NEO-PR

100
Q

contains 10 standardized inkblots (the “inkblot” tests)

A

Rorschach Technique

101
Q

proponent of Rorschach Technique

A

hermann rorschach

102
Q

personality theorist; projective device consisting of 20 drawings (black and white) of various situations; people must make up stories about the people in it

A

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

103
Q

proponent of Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

A

henry murray

104
Q

fce-to-face meeting designed to gain info about someone’s personality, current psychological state, or personal history

A

interview

105
Q

convo is informal, and topics are discussed as they arise

A

unstructured interview

106
Q

follows a prearranged plain, using a series of planned questions

A

structured interview

107
Q

looking at behavior

A

direct observation

PSYNTRO (6 decks)

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