Personality judgement Flashcards
Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
Judgments of others can lead to self-fulfilling prophecies, affecting both intellectual and social aspects.
Intellectual Expectancy Effects
Rosenthal and Jacobson’s study showed that students performed according to their teachers’ expectations, even if those expectations were randomly assigned.
Social Expectancy Effects
Snyder’s experiment demonstrated that people’s expectations based on attractiveness can influence social behavior, leading individuals to behave as expected.
Origin of Expectancies
Lee Jussim suggested that real-life expectancies often come from actual observations and reports, not just experimental manipulation, making self-fulfilling prophecies more complex in real-world situations.v
Impact of Multiple Expectations
Expectancy effects are stronger when several significant people in an individual’s life hold the same expectation over time, especially for negative expectancies, as seen in alcohol abuse predictions by parents.
Constructivism vs. Critical Realism
Some argued that personality judgments couldn’t be assessed accurately due to constructivism, while others, like critical realists, believed in the existence of objective reality.
First Impressions and Facial Appearance
: First impressions, often formed quickly and automatically, can be surprisingly accurate, particularly regarding extraversion and agreeableness when based on facial features.
What is a moderator variable in psychology?
A moderator variable affects the relationship between two other variables.
Constructivism
The philosophical view that reality, as a concrete entity, does not exist and that only ideas (“constructions”) of reality exist.
Critical Realism
The philosophical view that the absence of perfect, infallible criteria for determining the truth does not imply that all interpretations of reality are equally valid; instead, one can use empirical evidence to determine which views of reality are more or less likely to be valid.
Convergent Validation
The process of assembling diverse pieces of information that converge on a common conclusion.
Interjudge Agreement
The degree to which two or more people making judgments about the same person provide the same description of that person’s personality.
Behavioral Prediction
The degree to which a judgment or measurement can predict the behavior of the person in question.
Predictive Validity
The degree to which one measure can be used to predict another.
Moderator Variable
A variable that affects the relationship between two other variables.
