personality- humanistic perspective Flashcards
people who studied humanistic perspective
Rogers 1902-1987
Maslow 1908-1970
what was rogers background like
-raised in a strict religious family
-hardworking farmers
-first went intro ministry
-had doubts about religious doctrines
-became a clinical psychologist instead
what did rogers conclude as a therapist
-that the core of human nature is essentially positive
(but as a child brought up in religion he was taught humans were sinful however came to the opposite conclusion as a therapist)
what was rogers approach to his theory
-idiographic approach.
-wanted to know what experiences were like for individual people -phenomenology-trying to understand personal experience
-the data was on clinical materials and self reports
what was rogers theory
-one construct he used was the self concept
-he thought the self concept actually consists of 2, the actual self and the ideal self
-the actual self is who we are now and the ideal self is who we strive to become in the future
-he assumed that everybody aimed to self actualise
-But there is a second aim and that is self consistency
-self consistency goals stand in the way of self actualisation
-there is a self actualisation scale
Maslow
-had similar views as rogers
-he had 2 contributions
-made distinction between biological and psychological needs
-study of self actualised people
maslows pyramid in order
-the bottom needs need to be met before you can meet those at the top
-self actualisation,crearivity,problem solving,authenticity,spontaneity
-esteem- self esteem,confidence,achievement
-social needs- friendship,family
-safety and security
-physiological needs (survival) air,shelter,water,food,sleep,sex
maslow
-self actualised people
self actualised people:
-accept themselves and others for what they are
-can be concerned with themselves but also recognise the needs of others
-capable of responding to the uniqueness of people
-can form intimate relationships
-can be spontaneous and creative
-can resist conformity
mirjams experiment lol
-how did people cope with covid 19 lockdown in the UK in april-May 2020
-participants
-method
-15 participants in the UK, recruited through Facebook advert
-email interviews
-questions about how people experienced it, what they did to cope, and their mental health (it was not about personality)
analysis of mirjams experiment
-contextualist thematic analysis
main insights
-peoples experiences can be explained by using theories of motivation and self actualisation
-Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: covid 19 lockdown disrupts the natural processes people go through to reach self actualisation
deci and ryans 1991 theory of self determination
-link it to experiment
-a sub theory of self determination theory, a needs theory
-assumes that in order to be happy people need to feel autonomous and in control of their lives, competent and good at something and need to feel related to a social network
-linking to lockdown
-lockdown makes it harder to meet the needs of autonomy, competence and relatedness
strengths of humanistic perspective
-systematic inquiry into the necassary and sufficient conditions for theraputic change (perspective used in a clinical setting to help people change)
:a genuine therapist
:empathic understanding
unconditional positive regard.
-makes it a parsimonious approach
-tries to understand the whole person,focus on how person sees his/her world - so ecologicaly valid approach
-evidence that self concept consistency has psycological benefits (eg swann 1990)
weaknesses of humanistic perspective
-phenomenological approach may exclude certain variables (unconscious processes) from research
-rogers self theory may not apply to eastern cultures
-does not say much about how personality development happens, nor about guilt or depression (a very positive approach)
-these things make it less comprehensive
-truly unbiased therapists may not really exist (never really know what your client is saying)
-self actualisation test may be subject to social desirability bias
these thing threat validity
