Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychiatry > Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Personality Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what is the neuroanatomy mechanism of personality disorders?

A

abnormalities in frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the neurotransmission mechanism of personality disorders?

A

• reduced monoamine oxidase (MAO) and serotonin levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the causes of personality disorders

A 
Unknown - combination
•	genetic 
•	childhood experience – child abuse and neglect, parenting 
•	low socioeconomic status
•	injury to brain at birth
•	abnormal brain development
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the ICD-10 criteria for a personality disorder?

A

o Markedly disharmonious attitudes and behaviour, generally involving several areas of functioning;
o behaviour pattern is enduring, of long standing, and not limited to episodes of mental illness;
o behaviour pattern is pervasive and clearly maladaptive to a broad range of personal and social situations;
o always appear during childhood or adolescence and continue into adulthood;
o leads to considerable personal distress but this may only become apparent late in its course;
o usually, but not invariably, associated with significant problems in occupational and social performance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the DSM-5 criteria for a personality disorder?

A

A. An enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from the expectation of the individuals culture. This pattern is manifested in two (or more) of the following areas - Cognition, Affectivity, interpersonal functional, impulse
B. the enduring pattern is inflexible and pervasive across a broad range of personal and social situations
C. the enduring pattern leads to clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other important areas of functioning
D. the pattern is stable and of long duration and its onset ca be traced back at leas to adolescence or early adulthood
E. the enduring pattern is not better explained as a manifestation or consequence of another mental disorder
F. the enduring patter is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the describing features of cluster A personality disorders?

A

odd/eccentric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the cluster A personality disorders?

A

Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the summary feature of paranoid personality disorder?

A

conspiracy feeling mindset, delusional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the summary feature of schizoid personality disorder?

A

lack of friends, indifferent to relationships, socially withdrawn
restricted range of emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the summary feature of schizotypal personality disorder?

A

distorted reality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the DSM criteria for paranoid personality disorder?

A

4 or more of:1. Suspects, without sufficient basis, that others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving him or her.

  1. Is preoccupied with unjustified doubts about the loyalty or trustworthiness of friends or associates.
  2. Is reluctant to confide in others because of unwarranted fear that the information will be used maliciously against him or her.
  3. Reads hidden demeaning or threatening meanings into benign remarks or events.
  4. Persistently bears grudges (i.e., is unforgiving of insults, injuries, or slights).
  5. Perceives attacks on his or her character or reputation that are not apparent to others and is quick to react angrily or to counterattack.
  6. Has recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding fidelity of spouse or sexual partner.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the DSM criteria for schizoid personality disorder?

A

4 or more of:

  1. Neither desires nor enjoys close relationships, including being part of a family.
  2. Almost always chooses solitary activities.
  3. Has little, if any, interest in having sexual experiences with another person.
  4. Takes pleasure in few, if any, activities.
  5. Lacks close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives.
  6. Appears indifferent to the praise or criticism of others.
  7. Shows emotional coldness, detachment, or flattened affectivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the DSM criteria for schizotypal personality disorder?

A
  1. social and interpersonal deficits
  2. magical thinking
  3. unusual perceptions
  4. vague
  5. circumstantial
  6. suspiciousness
  7. inappropriate affect
  8. excess social anxiety
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the describing features of cluster B personality disorders?

A

dramatic, emotional, erratic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the cluster B personality disorders?

A

antisocial
borderline
histrionic
narcissistic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the DSM criteria for antisocial personality disorder?

A

3 or more

  1. Failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors, as indicated by repeatedly performing acts that are grounds for arrest.
  2. Deceitfulness, as indicated by repeated lying, use of aliases, or conning others for personal profit or pleasure.
  3. Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead.
  4. Irritability and aggressiveness, as indicated by repeated physical fights or assaults.
  5. Reckless disregard for safety of self or others.
  6. Consistent irresponsibility, as indicated by repeated failure to sustain consistent work behavior or honor financial obligations.
  7. Lack of remorse, as indicated by being indifferent to or rationalizing having hurt, mistreated, or stolen from another
17
Q

what is the DSM criteria for borderline personality disorder?

A

5 or more

  1. Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment.
  2. A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation.
  3. Identity disturbance: markedly and persistently unstable self-image or sense of self.
  4. Impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging (e.g., spending, sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating).
  5. Recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats, or self-mutilating behavior.
  6. Affective instability due to a marked reactivity of mood (e.g., intense episodic dysphoria, irritability, or anxiety usually lasting a few hours and only rarely more than a few days).
  7. Chronic feelings of emptiness.
  8. Inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger (e.g., frequent displays of temper, constant anger, recurrent physical fights).
  9. Transient, stress-related paranoid ideation or severe dissociative symptoms.
18
Q

what is the DSM criteria for histrionic personality disorder?

A

5 or more

  1. Is uncomfortable in situations in which he or she is not the center of attention.
  2. Interaction with others is often characterized by inappropriate sexually seductive or provocative behavior.
  3. Displays rapidly shifting and shallow expression of emotions.
  4. Consistently uses physical appearance to draw attention to self.
  5. Has a style of speech that is excessively impressionistic and lacking in detail.
  6. Shows self-dramatization, theatricality, and exaggerated expression of emotion.
  7. Is suggestible (i.e., easily influenced by others or circumstances).
  8. Considers relationships to be more intimate than they actually are
19
Q

what is the DSM criteria for Narcissistic personality disorder?

A
  1. Pervasive grandiosity
  2. Lack of empathy
  3. Very sensitive
  4. Preoccupied with fantasies
  5. “special” and “unique”
  6. Requires excessive admiration
  7. Sense of entitlement
  8. Interpersonally exploitative
  9. Envious of others
20
Q

What is the summary feature of borderline personality disorder?

A

neurotism and psychotic symptoms (can have hallucinations)

21
Q

what is the describing features of cluster C personality disorders?

A

anxious and fearful

22
Q

what are the cluster C personality disorders?

A

Avoidant
Dependent
Obsessive-compulsive

23
Q

what is the DSM criteria for Avoidant personality disorder?

A

4 or more of

  1. Avoids occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact because of fears of criticism, disapproval, or rejection.
  2. Is unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked.
  3. Shows restraint within intimate relationships because of the fear of being shamed or ridiculed.
  4. Is preoccupied with being criticized or rejected in social situations.
  5. Is inhibited in new interpersonal situations because of feelings of inadequacy.
  6. Views self as socially inept, personally unappealing, or inferior to others.
  7. Is unusually reluctant to take personal risks or to engage in any new activities because they may prove embarrassing
24
Q

what is the DSM criteria for dependent personality disorder?

A
  1. Has difficulty making everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others.
  2. Needs others to assume responsibility for most major areas of his or her life.
  3. Has difficulty expressing disagreement with others because of fear of loss of support or approval. (Note: Do not include realistic fears of retribution.)
  4. Has difficulty initiating projects or doing things on his or her own (because of a lack of self-confidence in judgment or abilities rather than a lack of motivation or energy).
  5. Goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance and support from others, to the point of volunteering to do things that are unpleasant.
  6. Feels uncomfortable or helpless when alone because of exaggerated fears of being unable to care for himself or herself.
  7. Urgently seeks another relationship as a source of care and support when a close relationship ends.
  8. Is unrealistically preoccupied with fears of being left to take care of himself or herself
25
Q

what is the DSM criteria for dependent personality disorder?

A
  1. Is preoccupied with details, rules, lists, order, organization, or schedules to the extent that the major point of the activity is lost.
  2. Shows perfectionism that interferes with task completion (e.g., is unable to complete a project because his or her own overly strict standards are not met).
  3. Is excessively devoted to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure activities and friendships (not accounted for by obvious economic necessity).
  4. Is overconscientious, scrupulous, and inflexible about matters of morality, ethics, or values (not accounted for by cultural or religious identification).
  5. Is unable to discard worn-out or worthless objects even when they have no sentimental value.
  6. Is reluctant to delegate tasks or to work with others unless they submit to exactly his or her way of doing things.
  7. Adopts a miserly spending style toward both self and others; money is viewed as something to be hoarded for future catastrophes.
  8. Shows rigidity and stubbornness.
26
Q

what is the management of schizoid personality disorder?

A

psychodynamic and/or group therapy

27
Q

what is the management of dissocial personality disorder?

A

Highly unresponsive to any form of treatment, Disciplined environment may improve behaviour

28
Q

what is the management of emotionally unstable personality disorder?

A

Chronic treatment seekers, CBT/ DBT (self-harm & suicide)/ group therapy

29
Q

what is the management of histrionic personality disorder?

A

Psychodynamic/ CBT/ Group therapy

30
Q

what is the management of borderline personality disorder?

A

DBT

31
Q

what is the management of obsessional personality disorder?

A

Psychotherapy: insight-oriented psychodynamic techniques & CBT

32
Q

what is the management of avoidant personality disorder?

A

Psychodynamic / CBT / group therapy, social skills training

33
Q

what is the management of dependent personality disorder?

A

Psychodynamic and/or CBT and/or group therapy/ assertiveness training

34
Q

what is the pharmacological management of personality disorders?

A

o Antipsychotics – cognitive symptoms, impulsivity and intense angry affect
o Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors – borderline PD to alleviate abnormal mood
o Carbamazepine and lithium – episodic behavioural dyscontrol and aggression

Psychiatry (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions