Eating Disorders Flashcards
what are the genetic causes of anorexia?
signals that convey hunger + fullness
what are the obstetric complications associated with anorexia development?
maternal anaemia, dm, preeclampsia, placental infarction, neonatal cardiac abnormalities
what are the GI diseases associated with anorexia development?
coeliac, IBS, IBD
what are the factors from pubertal years that are associated with anorexia development?
increase in adipose, hormonal changes are risks
what are the psychiatric disorders associated with anorexia development?
OCD, depression, anxiety
what are the psychological causes of anorexia?
low self-esteem, loneliness, sensitivity to peer pressure, need for approval, overact to stressful situations, perfectionist, need for control, link to abuse
what are the sociological causes of anorexia?
peer groups, popular culture, models, dancers, bullying, media
what are the neuroimaging features in anorexia?
o alterations in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (excessive cognitive control)
o somatosensory integration and introspection may relate to abnormal body image
o activations of bottom up limbic region and increased activations in top down cortical regions which may play a role in restrictive eating
o global reduction in grey matter and white matter, increased CSF fluid volumes
o regional decreases in the left hypothalamus, left inferior parietal lobe, right lentiform nucleus and right caudate, increased orbitofrontal cortex, reduced white matter in fornix
what process occurs in the starving state?
body uses up body fat, then muscle, then body itself for metabolism (eating liver)
what is the pathophysiology of anorexia?
dysregulation of the serotonin pathways
show reduced activation in reward system in response to food
increased binding potential of raclopride in striatum
what are the two types of anorexia?
o Restricting – reduce food intake
o Binge/Purge – eat large amounts of food then purge via vomiting/laxatives
how does binge/purge type of anorexia relate to bulima?
is bulimia except with low BMI?
what are the characteristic features of anorexia?
- Low BMI
- Fear of gaining weight
- Methods of reducing weight – restricting calories, over-exercise, laxatives, vomiting, diuretics
- Feeling of control
- Food rituals
- Obsession and pre-occupation with food and cooking
What are the physical consequences of anorexia?
muscle wasting - low Cr, fatigue, breathing problems, hair loss, lanugo hair, cold, blue peripheries, dry/peeling skin, Hypercarotenaemia, bradycardia, hypotension, orthostatic hypotension, Cardiac failure, ankle oedema, low potassium, magnesium and phosphate, low thiamine, amenorrhea, urine low LH and low FSH, falsely low T3 level, bloating, nausea, constipation, Low WBC, RBCs and platelets, Osteoporosis/osteopenia, Halitosis, Brain – atrophy, encephalopathy – ataxia, confusion, death
what is the ICD-10 criteria for anorexia?
o BMI 17.5 or less (less than 85% of expected)
o Self-induced weight loss (strict dieting, vomiting, excessive exercise, medication)
o body image disturbance
o fear of fatness
o amenorrhoea