Personality disorders Flashcards
What is someones personality?
Relatively predictable patten of thinking, feeling and behaving. That is relatively consistent across time space and context.
What are the five factors of someones personality?
Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism
What is openness?
Imagination
Feelings
Actions
Ideas
Openness scale
Prefers routine , practical Vs Imaginative spontaneous
What is Conscientiousness ?
Competence
Thoughtfulness
Self discipline
Goal driven
Conscientiousness scale
Impulsive, disorganised Vs Disciplined , careful
What is Extraversion?
Emotional expression
Assertivness
Sociability
Extraversion scale
Quiet reserved withdrawn Vs Outgoing warm seeks adventure
What is Agreeableness?
Co-operativness
Trustworthy
Goodnatured
Agreeableness scale
Critical Uncooperative suspicious Vs Helpful trusting empathetic
What is neuroticism?
tendency towards unstable emotions
Neuroticism scale
Calm, even tempered, secure Vs Anxious, unhappy pessimistic
What is a disorder of adult personality?
Individual characteristic and enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from what is culturally accepted.
How is a adult personality disorder manifested?
Cognition
Affectivity
Impulse control
Interpersonal functioning
In order to be a adult personality disorder it must…
Be a pervasive behaviour that is inflexible and dysfunctional
Cause personal distress or adverse impact socially
Stable and long term - onset in childhood
Not a consequence of another mental disorder,
What are two assessment scales used in personality disorders?
Personality assessment schedule PAS
Personality Disorder Questionnaire PDQ-4
What is PAS?
Clinician rated assessment tool
What is PDQ-4?
Self assessed 100 question all true or false
What percentage of the population have a disorder?
10.6%
What are Cluster A disorders described as?
Odd and Eccentric
List the Cluster A disorders.
Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal
Paranoid PD
Excessive sensitivity to setback
Tendency to bear grudges
Suspiciousness tendency to see friendly actions as hostile
Combative sense of personal rights outside of situation
Recurrent unfounded suspicion about fidelity of partner
Excessive self importance
Conspiracy theories
How many traits are required for a diagnosis of paranoid PD?
4
Schizoid PD
Few activities provide pleasure Emotional coldness Limited emotional expression Indifference to feedback Little sexual interests Solitary Fantasy preoccupation No desire for close friends Marked insensitivity for social norms
What other condition does Schizoid PD have lots of overlap with?
Autism
Schizotypal PD
Idea of reference Belief in magic etc Bodily illusions Odd thinking and speech Paranoid ideation Innapropraite affect Lack of close friends Excessive social anxiousness
How many traits are required for a schizotypal diagnosis?
5 or more
Cluster B personality disorders are often described as….
Dramatic
Emotional
Dissocial PD
Callousness Irresponsible disregard for social norms Frequent but short relationships Very low tolerance for frustration or anger Incapacity to experience guilt Marked proneness to blame others
How many traits are required for a dissocial diagnosis?
3
What is the difference between dissocial PD and psychopathy?
PD is largely based on behaviour whilst psychopathy is down too cognitive and emotional function.
Psychopathy can be broken down into what?
Factor 1 - Interpersonal/ Affectivity
Factor 2 - Social deviance
What is Factor 1 in Psychopathy?
Interpersonal - superficial charm self worth pathological lying, manipulativeness.
Affectivity - Lack of guilt, shallowness, apathetic, blame others
What is Factor 2 in Psychopathy?
Lifestyle - Prone to boredom, paracitic, lack of realistic long term goals, impulsive and irresponsible
Antisocial - Poor control, early juvenile delinquency, criminal versatility
Emotionally unstable Impulsive PD
Impulsive Quarrelsome especially if plans are thwarted Sudden outburst of anger or violence Require immediate reward Unstable mood
Cluster B Personality Disorders are…
Dissocial Emotionally unstable - Impulsive Emotionally unstable - Borderline Histrionic Narcissistic
How many traits are required for a EU impulsive diagnosis?
3 of
Emotionally Unstable Borderline PD
Disturbance in and uncertainty around self image Intense and unstable relations Excessive efforts to avoid abandonment Recurrent threats and acts of self harm Chronic feelings of emptiness
How many traits are required for an EU Borderline diagnosis?
Must have impulsive diagnosis
2 off of list
Histrionic PD
Self dramatisation
Sugestive
Shallow inappropriately seductive in appearance and behaviour
Overly concerned with physical attractiveness
Seeks to be centre of attention
Narcissistic PD
Self importance
Fixation on fantasies of success control wealth and beauty
Self entitled
Apathetic
Interpersonally oppressive
Belief others resent them as they can not be like them
How many traits are required for a Narcissistic PD diagnosis?
5
What are Cluster C PD also known as?
Anxious and Avoidant
Anxious PD
Persistent and pervasive tension and apprehension
Belief oneself is socially inept and inferior
Excessive preoccupation around rejection and criticism
Unwillingness to get involved due to fear of rejection
Restriction on life due to need for security
Dependant PD
Encourage and allow others to pursue life at own expense
Unwillingness to make reasonable requests to those they are close to
Fear of being alone and fending for themselves
Constant need for reassurance on decisions
How many traits do you need for an Anxious PD diagnosis?
4
How many traits are required for a dependant PD diagnosis
4
Is medication used for the treatment of PD?
No it isn’t
Medication is targeted towards treating specific symptoms.
What antipsychotics are used in the treatment of PD?
Olanzapine
Haloperidol
What are Olanzapine and Haloperidol used for?
Help reduce the suspicion in Cluster A PD
What medication is used for impulsivity and aggression difficulties?
Antidepressants SSRIs
SSRIs are used in which PDs?
Borderline and Antisocial PDs
What mood stabilisers are used in the treatment of PDs?
Lamotrigine
Lamotrigine is used in the treatment of what?
Emotionally unstable disorder
Unstable mood and impulsivity
Antidepressant have what affect if used in cluster C PDs?
Help reduce anxiety
What is used in the management of Anxious PDs?
Social skill training to help improve self efficacy
What psychological therapy is used in Emotionally unstable PD?
Dialectical Behavioural therapy
What is Dialectical Behavioural Therapy?
Learning to accept and regulate emotions
Acceptance of oneself and make positive changes
Learning new skills to replace harmful behaviour
Mindfulness
Distress tolerance
Emotional regulation
What medication is used in Emotionally unstable PD?
Olanzapine
Topiramate (Anger and Aggression)
Phenetzine (Hostility)
What is Phenetzine?
MAOI
What is Topiramate?
Used in migraine prophylaxis and epilepsy treatment
What is Mentilization based therapy?
Focus on what is going on inside own mind and those around you.
Goal is to better understand and control your impulses emotions and behaviours to improve relations
When should impatient care be used?
Only in emergency to save their life.
Serious risk of suicide or medication changescant be managed in an outpatient setting.
Inpatient care of PD.
At best has no effect at worst has a serious negative impact, life saving if used judiciously.
