Personality Disorders Flashcards
Describe cluster A personality disorders
pervasive pattern of abnormal cognition (e.g., suspiciousness), self-expression (e.g., odd speech), or relating to others (e.g., reclusiveness).
Paranoid- suspicious
Schizoid-reclusiveness
Schizotypal-self expression
Describe paranoid personality disorder
patients are chronically unjustified suspicious, distrust others, and fulfill their suspicious prophecies by leading others to be overly cautious and deceptive
must have 4 or more symptoms
Treatment of paranoid personality disorder
antipsychotics help reduce suspiciousness
do not try group therapy
Describe schizoid personality disorder
persons with a profound defect in the ability to form personal relationships and to respond to others in a meaningful way
must have 4 or more symptoms
how is schizoid personality disorder typically managed
day programs
community mental health centers
Describe schizotypal personality disorder
pattern of peculiar behavior, odd speech and thinking, and unusual perceptual experiences.
Schizotypal patients are frequently socially isolated and have “magical” beliefs, mild paranoia, inappropriate or constricted affect, and social anxiety
must have 5 or more symptoms
typical treatment of schizotypal personality disorder
atypical antipsychotics can help reduce paranoia, anxiety and unusual perceptions
associations of schizotypal personality disorder
mood disorders
substance abuse
anxiety disorders
describe cluster B personality disorders
dramatic disorders—borderline, antisocial, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders.
They are characterized by a pervasive pattern of violating social norms or the rights of others (e.g., criminal behavior), impulsivity, excessive emotionality, grandiosity, or “acting out” (e.g., tantrums, self-abusive behavior, angry outbursts).
describe cluster C personality disorders
anxious disorders—avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders.
They are characterized by a pervasive pattern of abnormal fears involving social relationships, separation, and need for control.
diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality disorder
A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others
occurring since age 15 years and is at least 18
3 or more symptoms
comorbidities of antisocial personality disorder
Mood disorders
anxiety disorders
ADHD
gambling disorder
treatment of antisocial personality disorder
No standard treatment
lithium, valproate and antipsychotics help reduce agitation
do not give benzodiazepines
Diagnostic criteria of Borderline personality disorder
pervasive pattern of mood instability, unstable and intense interpersonal relationships, impulsivity, inappropriate or intense anger, lack of control of anger, recurrent suicidal threats and gestures, self-mutilating behavior, marked and persistent identity disturbance, chronic feelings of emptiness, and frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment
must have 5 or more symptoms
comorbidities of borderline personality disorder
depression
dysthymia
anxiety
substance abuse
dependence
treatment for borderline personality disorder
CBT: Dialectical behavior therapy, systems training for emotional predictability and problem-solving programs
SSRI: decreases depression and SI
Antipsychotics: decrease perceptual distortions, anger dyscontrol, suicidal behavior, mood instability
Do not give Benzos for longer than a couple weeks
Describe Histrionic Personality Disorder
pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior. Typical symptoms include excessive concern with appearance and wanting to be the center of attention
Often gregarious and superficially charming but can be manipulative, vain, and demanding
must have 5 or more symptoms
association of Histrionic personality disorder
somatic symptom disorder
treatment of histrionic disorder
CBT
Group therapy
Describe Narcissistic Personality Disorder
grandiosity, lack of empathy, and hypersensitivity to evaluation by others. Narcissistic persons are egotistical, inflate their accomplishments, and often manipulate or exploit those around them to achieve their own aims.
They have an exaggerated sense of entitlement and believe that they deserve special treatment
must have 5 or more symptoms
associated with what other personality disorder
borderline
treatment for narcissistic disorder
intensive psychodynamic psychotherapy
interpersonal cognitive behavior psychotherapy
Describe avoidant personality disorder
individuals tend to have low self-esteem, are hypersensitive to rejection, are apprehensive and mistrustful, are socially awkward and timid, are uncomfortable and self-conscious, and fear being embarrassed or acting foolish in public
must have at least 4 symptoms
associations of avoidant personality disorder
social anxiety
chronic anxiety
treatment for avoidant personality disorder
group therapy
CBT
Benzodiazepines
SSRI
Describe dependent personality disorder
characterized by a pattern of relying excessively on others for emotional support
must have 5 or more symptoms
associations of dependent personality disorder
fixation at oral stage of development
disrupted attachments early in life or overprotection experienced in childhood
chronic medical/ psychiatric disorders
mood disorders
anxiety disorders
treatment of dependent personality disorder
CBT
Social skills training
assertiveness training
describe OCPD
perfectionism and inflexibility associated with overconscientiousness and constricted emotions
must have 4 or more symptoms
common in higher education
comorbidities of OCPD
mood disorders
anxiety disorders
OCD
Treatment for OCPD
psychodynamic therapy
SSRI
