Anxiety

Question 1

how do people develop specific phobias

Answer 1

direct conditioning

witnessing

learned behaviors

Question 2

describe the diagnostic criteria for specific phobias

Answer 2

irrational fears of specific objects, places or situations, or activities that are out of proportion to the stimulus

must last for at least 6 months

Question 3

which phobia is most common and what is the prevalence of specific phobias

Answer 3

situational phobias

the lifetime prevalence of specific phobias: ~11%

Question 4

treatment of specific phobias

Answer 4

CBT

Pharmacotherapy is ineffective because it creates avoidance of emotion, rather than mastery of it

Question 5

describe the diagnostic criteria for social anxiety

Answer 5

the fear of humiliation or embarrassment in social settings

must last at least 6 months

Question 6

treatment for social anxiety

Answer 6

CBT

beta blockers

SSRI (if generalized)

MAOI and Benzos (if severe), supplement with buspirone

Question 7

Describe Panic attacks Disorder

Answer 7

recurrent, unexpected panic (or anxiety) attacks accompanied by at least 1 month of persistent concern about having another attack, worry about the implications of having an attack (e.g., dying, going crazy), or significant maladaptive change in behavior related to the attacks

Question 8

what is an uncued panic attack trigger

Answer 8

individual does not associate onset with an internal or external trigger

Question 9

what is a cued panic attack

Answer 9

the attack onsets immediately or in anticipation of a trigger

Question 10

what is a situationally predisposed panic attack

Answer 10

the attack is not invariably associated with the anticipation of an event and do not necessarily occur immediately after the exposure

Question 11

how many symptoms are necessary to diagnose panic attack disorder

Answer 11

4 or more

Question 12

what drugs are associated with panic attacks

Answer 12

amphetamines

cannabis

hallucinogens

cocaine

caffeine

Question 13

Medications associated with panic attacks

Answer 13

bronchodilators

antihistamines

lithium

antihypertensive

cardiovascular meds

corticosteroids

Question 14

Diagnoses associated with panic attacks

Answer 14

Autoimmune disorders: temporal arteritis

Neurologic Disorders: head trauma, MS, Huntingtons, seizures

Toxic/ Metabolic Disorders: alcohol, weed, B12, anemia

Endocrine Disorders: thyroid, pituitary, adrenal

Question 15

comorbidities associated with panic disorder

Answer 15

major depression

personality disorders

alcohol abuse

Question 16

treatment of panic disorders

Answer 16

SSRI

Benzodiazepines

2. MAOI and TCA

CBT

Question 17

Describe agoraphobia

Answer 17

individual fears being unable to get out of 2 or more places or situations quickly in the event of a panic attack

must last for at least 6 months

Question 18

Diagnostic criteria of Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 18

worry excessively about life circumstances, such as their health, finances, social acceptance, job performance, and marital adjustment

lasts for at least 6 months

must have at least 6 symptoms

Question 19

treatment of general anxiety disorder

Answer 19

CBT

Benzodiazepines (short term)

SSRI/ TCA (Long term)

Question 20

selective mutism

Answer 20

persistent failure to speak in specific social situations where speaking is expected despite being able to speak in other situations for at least one month