personality disorders Flashcards
____________ are sensory perceptions not attributable to environmental stimuli.
hallucinations
Which of the following disorders is comprised of a major depressive episode or manic episode, concurrent with the Criterion A symptoms of Sz?
schizoaffective disorder
Todd is 24 years old. For the last 9 months, he has been talking about how the government has sent spies to follow him, and he says he has seen them on several occasions. He believes he is being followed because he is the second coming of Jesus Christ. He is withdrawing socially, hasn’t been to work in a month, and has stopped showering. Todd is probably experiencing…
schizophrenia
personality disorder characteristics (4)
Inflexible and maladaptive behaviors
Social difficulties
Subjective distress
Problems in functioning
personality disorders: men typically Dx with _____, ________ and ________ personality disorders, while women have more _________, __________, and __________ PDs. but this is not exclusive.
Men typically diagnosed more with paranoid, obsessive-compulsive, and antisocial PDs; women with borderline, dependent, histrionic PDs
symptoms for PDs tend to be ego-syntonic or ego-dystonic?
ego-syntonic (feels like a part of their natural personality, a new change
what is ego-dystonic?
does NOT feel like a part of their natural self
Dx of personality disorder: Only when personality traits are what? and cause what?
Only when personality traits are inflexible and maladaptive (current and long-term)
and cause significant functional impairment
5 difficulties you may face Dx a PD
- Extreme personality traits
- Overlap of symptoms with other PDs
- Clinicians do not adhere to Dx criteria
- MUST have had Early symptoms in childhood or adolescence
- Difficult to determine that symptoms are distressing or impairing, of early onset, pervasive, and sufficiently enduring
what is usually the cause of a PD?
early childhood traumas, disturbed parent-child attachments, parental pathology play a role
When can you diagnose a personality disorder?
When a person displays personality traits that are inflexible and maladaptive
AND
When a person displays personality traits that cause significant functional impairment
DSM5 for general personality disorder: define and 4 parts
inner experience and behavior abnormal. major difference from the norm with 2+ of the following…
- cognitions
- affectabiltiy
- interpersonal function
- impulse control
three clusters of personality disorder
Cluster A: Odd or Eccentric
Cluster B: Dramatic, Erratic, Emotional
Cluster C: Anxious or Fearful
what 3 PDs are included in cluster A: odd or eccentric?
- paranoid
- schizoid
- schizotypal
what are the defining aspects of paranoid personality disorder
- distrust + suspicious
- unjustified doubts
- reluctant to confide in others
- finds threatening messages in benign remarks
- holds grudges
- feels attacked
- suspect infidelity
Txt of paranoid personality disorder. what can be helpful? why is txt difficult?
pyschotherapy & meds
*difficult to txt though cause they wont think they are the problem
defining traits of schizoid personality disorder
like a hermit
- detached, little emotions
- no close relationships, likes to be alone
- little sexual desire
- lack of interest in activities
- indifferent to criticism
- flat affect
do you txt schizoid personality disorder?
not unless the pt is having difficulty attaining something that they want like a job or relationship
defining traits of schizotypal personality disorder?
acute discomfort w/ close relationships AND cognitive/perceptual distortion & eccentricities
- ideas of reference
- magical thinking
- unusual perceptual experience, thinking & speech, behavior
- lack of close friend & social anxiety
- suspicious/paranoid
overall what are the only two meds that might help a PD?
SSRIs (for anxiety/depression PDs) and anti-pyschotics (for more eccentric PDs)
*BUT no PD can be really treated fully with these
can you have a PD and a psychotic disorder?
NO its one or the other
but you can have a PD with something like anxiety or depression
Doug lives alone and is rarely seen in public. He has never dated or married, and has no friends. At the grocery store, he never smiles at anyone and appears detached from others. If he has a disorder, his most probable diagnosis would be…
Schizoid Personality Disorder
4 PDs included in cluster B : dramatic, erratic, emotional
- histronic PD
- narcissistic PD
- antiscoial PD
- borderline PD
which PDs are more common in females than males?
histronic & borderline PD
defining traits of histronic personality disorder
- excessively emotional ( & rapidly shifting) and attention-seeking
- center of attention
- inappropriate sexually seductive
- thinks relationships are closer than in reality
- impressionistic, dramatic
- suggestible
actresses and actors tend to have what personality disorder? what about leadership roles/politicians?
histrionic- often actors/actresses- get attention to feel good
narcissistic- often in leadership positions, don’t need the attention to feel good, already think they are the best.
defining traits of narcissistic PD
- grandiosity
- self-importance, arrogant
- fantasies of unlimited success
- believe they are special/unique
- takes advantage of others
- lacks empathy
- envies others
defining traits of antisocial PD
- disregard for and violation for rights of others
- failure to conform
- deceitful, lack of remorse
- impulsive, reckless, irresponsible
- irritable, aggressive
what personality disorder do criminals often have ?
antisocial PD
THE ONLY PD that will have something in childhood that is an indicator for PD in adulthood? what are the indicators?
antisocial personality disorder:
conduct disorder before the age of 15 yo
-fire starting, injury to animals ,etc.
defining traits of borderline PD
instability of relationships, self-image, affect
- fear of abandonment
- feeling empty
- impulsive - reactivity of mood, intense anger
- recurrent suicidal behavior
- paranoid, dissociative
what is the one, very effective, therapy for borderline personality disorder IF the pt is receptive to it?
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) – social skills training, behavior therapy, and individual and group therapy
Mary has a history of unstable relationships with men. She is very afraid of being abandons and makes suicidal gestures when she feels her boyfriend may break up with her. She often feels empty, and has inappropriate outbursts of anger. What is Mary’s most probable diagnosis?
borderline personality disorder
3 PDs in cluster C: anxious and fearful
- avoidant PD
- dependent PD
- obsessive-compulsive PD
defining traits of avoidant personality disorder
- hypersensitivity to criticism, feeling inadequate
- avoid activities where they might be criticized
- restraint in intimate relationships
- reluctant to take risks
defining traits of dependent personality disorder
- excessive need to be taken care of , helpless when alone
- urgently seeks another relationship
- difficulty making decisions, wants other to do so
- difficulty expressing disagreement
defining traits of obsessive-compulsive PD
-dont really have obsessions and compulsions- have more of a preoccupation with things being ordered, detailed. preoccupied with rules.
-unable to delegate tasks
-inflexible with morality
-cheap
-rigid and stubborn
all about having control over there enviornment
why would someone with OC-PD seek txt?
can’t get anything done- everything has to be so perfect, and they can’t get there, so they can’t get anything done.
Mike is 43 and lives with his mother. She pays his bills for him and he consults her when making all decisions. He is very afraid she will die and he will be left alone, because he is afraid he can’t take care of himself. Mike’s most likely diagnosis is…
dependent PD
true or false? Personality disorders can usually be diagnosed after the provider’s initial meeting (or session) with the patient.
false
