Intro to HENT, URIs, Pharyn&Tonsil Flashcards
what two hearing systems are integrated in the cerebellum?
pitch reception and vestibular system (balance)
what is pitch reception?
sound pressure moves the stapes –> oval window–>electrical energy –> neural energy
what is the vestibular system?
center of balance. otoliths in the SemiCircular canals move and bend hair cells to create electrical signals
what is mucociliary clearance?
the way by which the sinuses maintain a sterile enviornment. Infection is secondary to impaired mucociliary clearance
what is mastoiditis?
this boney sponge (mastoid bone) behind the ear can be infected by the middle ear, this can lead to a brain infection
what is important about head and neck lymphatics from a clinical standpoint?
you need to think about what is going on under the surface. Concern if they are enlarged… where do places typically drain to? AKA Where does the inflamed lymph get drainage from?
manifestations of URIs in the nose? tonsils? pharynx?
nose: rhinitis, rhinosinusitis
tonsils: tonsilitis
pharynx: pharyngitis
what causes URIs?
bacterial: S. pneumo > H.Flu> M. Cat
viral: make up 90% of cases. come from “cold viruses” (adenovirus, rhinovirus, etc) and influenza
how are viral URIs transmitted
air, hand to face
Txt of URIs : abx?
since >90% viral : NO Abx
- maybe bacterial IF symptoms not improving >7days
- only consider Abx <7days if suspected Strep
Txt of URIs: meds for each symptom…
runny nose: OTC antiH
congestion (swelling): decongestant (will keep you awake)
thick secretions: guaifenesin
- single dose steroid
allergies vs URI
allergies: most common non-infectious cause of URI
- similar to a cold but gradual onset and last longer, no fever
waldeyers ring
adenoids
palatine tonsils
lingual tonsils (tongue)
-ring of lymphoid tissues that reacts to infection
tonsils and adenoids are what kind of lymph tissue? what do they secrete?
secondary- (there are lots of backups to the immune system)- so if you remove them its ok.
secrete topical IgA
IgG IgM into the blood
at what age are T&A most active?
4-10
circumvalle papillae
normal taste buds
stomatitis, what is it? what are two types?
infections of the mouth, usually viral (apthous ulcers (viral), herpangina, herpes simplex)
thrush (fungal)
how do apthous ulcers present? how long do they stay?
white ulcer on red base, come suddenly and go in a few weeks
oral thrush, what organism causes it? how does it present?
candida, reddish base w/ stuck-on white plaques that can not be scraped off
-raw and irritated