GI bleeding COPY Flashcards

1
Q

Common causes of bleeding: Upper GI

A

Gastritis/PUD, esophagitis
NSAID use/abuse
(Mallory-Weiss)

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2
Q

Common Cause of bleeding: lower GI

A

Hemorrhoids
Angiodysplasia (vascular malformations)
Diverticulitis
Colon cancer (>60 yo)

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3
Q

serious/scary causes of bleeding

A
Esophageal variceal rupture (portal HTN)
Colon cancer (any age)
Gastric cancer
Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis)
Diverticulitis
Peptic ulcer disease
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4
Q

3 ways that bleeding can present

A

acute, subacute, occult

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5
Q

melena

A

black stool

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6
Q

“coffee ground” emesis is from what?

A

blood reacting with acid in the GI

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7
Q

hematochezia

A

bright red blood (from lower regions OR from a massive & acute upper GI bleed)

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8
Q

what is the “border” for upper vs lower GI regions

A

ligament of Treitz: ligament at upper/mid-duodenum

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9
Q

for evaluation of GI bleed, approach depends on _______, _______, and _______

A

severity of the GI bleed, most likely source, and patient-related factors (age, current meds, etc.)

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10
Q

endoscopy is the Dx procedure of choice because it can be ______ as well.

A

therapeutic

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11
Q

Acute GI bleed: make sure to assess ______ ________

A

hemodynamic stability !

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12
Q

variable types of anemia (usually Fe+ deficiency) can be indicative of acute or chronic GI bleed?

A

chronic

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13
Q

diarrhea can indicate GI bleeding, why?

A

blood is irritating to the GI system

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14
Q

general txt for upper/lower GI bleeds: acute vs chronic (weeds)

A

General treatment:
Acute– resuscitation, increase volume, RBCs, coags (FFP, PLT), NG lavage for decompression and assessment of continuing of bleeding

Chronic– D/C NSAIDs, treat H. pylori, acid suppression, control BP (varices)

Overall: acute- stabilize, chronic- txt the cause

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15
Q

bright red hematemesis in pts with liver disease, what is this from?

A

varices

THIS IS A HIGH RISK CRITERIA

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16
Q

hypotension, tachy, orthostasis, 4 or more unites of blood transfused in 24hours… all are ______ ______ __________ for GI bleeds

A

high risk criteria

- mean its something bad.