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Clinical psychology > Personality disorders > Flashcards

Personality disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the definition of personality

A

The tendency towards a pattern of behaviour, emotion, cognition and interaction that show through regardless of the situation we are in.

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2
Q

When does personality become a disorder?

A

When personality fits the situation - fine

but when it doesnt this could cause a problem

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3
Q

Socio political perspective

A

A way of saying that person is not diagnosable but is pretty close and probably will have a problem soon

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4
Q

Issues with socio- political perspective

A

Medio- legal perspective: Are we entitled to jail/ detain people based on what they might do.
What if we dont and then they do offend

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5
Q

Categories vs. dimensions

A

Personality varies along dimensions
Statustical approach: extreme clumps at either end?
Mixture of DSM5 and personality dimension approach.

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6
Q

Definition of PD 1994

A

Inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individuals culture

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7
Q

Definition

A

Impairments in personality functioning and presence of pathological personality traits.
Impairments in self (identity or self direction) and interpersonal (empathy or intimacy) functioning

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8
Q

Considerations when making a diagnosis

A

Stable across time and situations
Developmental stage or socio cultural environment
Not due to direct effects of substance medical condition or state.
Must be independent of biological factors (drug misuse),
Not in children or adolsecents
Cannot be made in a single meeting.

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9
Q

What are the three groups in the categorical approach to personality disorders?

A
  1. Odd/ eccentric personality disorders
  2. Dramatic/ emotional personality disorders
  3. Anxious/ fearful personality disorders
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10
Q

What are the three diagnoses in odd/ eccentric PD?

A
  1. Paranoid PD
  2. Schizotypal - phoebe
  3. Schozoid - separation/ limited emotions (Autistic)
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11
Q

WHat are the 4 diagnoses in dramatic/ emotional

A
  1. Antisocial PD- disregard for others, lack of remorse.
  2. Borderline PD- instable in relationships, impulsive
  3. Narcisistic PD-
  4. . Histrionic - centre of attention
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12
Q

what are the 3 diagnoses in anxious/ fearful?

A
  1. Avoidant PD- avoidin social situations, feel inadequate
  2. Dependent PD- need to be taken care of
  3. obsessive compulsive PD- ocd without consequence
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13
Q

Limitations of categorical model (4)

A
  1. Costa and Macrae (1990) believe personality shouldnt be defined in categories but dimensions
  2. Extreme scores on the FFM is associated with PD (Costa and MAcrae, 1990)
  3. Exsisting PDs are very rare in population especially Histrionic and Dependent PD (Brown et al., 2002)
  4. Definitions arent stable, someone diagnosed wont be diagnosed 2 years later (Shea et al., 2002)
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14
Q

what are the three discrete types of the DSM5 alternative model (Skodal et al, 2011)

A
  1. Level of personality functioning
  2. Personality disorder types
  3. personality trait domains and facets
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15
Q

Issues with prevalence estimates

A
  1. Reliability in diagnosis (Paris, 2010)
  2. Gender bias in diagnosis- histrionic, BPD and dependent
  3. Poor stability of PD over time (Zimmerman, 1994)
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16
Q

Prevalence of PD in population

A

10-14% Sansone and Sansone, (2011).

17
Q

What are risk factors of developing a PD

A
  1. Low SES
  2. inner city
  3. Young adult
  4. Divorced, separated, never married.
  5. childhood abuse
18
Q

Aetiology points for Cluster A (odd/ eccentric disorders)

A
  • Genetic links between A and schizophrenia suggest they be part of a broader schizophrenia spectrum disorder
  • Psychodynamic approaches suggest that parents may have been demanding, rigid and regecting givign rise to a lack of trust in others (paranoid)
  • risk for all three types of A is increased in relatives of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia suggesting a genetic link between schizophrenia and type a
19
Q

Aetiology points for cluster b (Dramatic/ emotional)

A
  • One of the best predictors for APD is conduct disorder
  • Adolescent smoking, alcohol use, drug use, police and sex predicts antisocial PD
  • psychodynamic approaches suggest lack of parental love and affection with inconsistent parenting leading to child failing to learn trust
  • heritability of APD moderate, 40-69%
  • possess dysfunctional cognitive schema
  • individuals with BPD have higher rates of childhood abuse (60-90%)
  • twin studies of BPD 35% MZ 7% DZ
20
Q

Object relations theory of BPD

A

individuals with BPD recieve inadequate support and love from others and this results in an insecure ego which is likely to lead to lack of self esteem and fear of rejection

21
Q

Aetiology of cluster c (Anxious)

A
  • Family member diagnosed with social anxiety or avoidant personality increases risk
  • Dependent PD many features similar to depression and drugs used for depression also aleviate symtoms
  • regularly comorbid with social anxiety. panic and ocd
  • COmorbidity of OCPD in individuals with OCD is low as 22% suggesting not related.

Clinical psychology (9 decks)

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