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Intro to Abnormal Psychology > Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Personality Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Personality

A

Broad term - essence of self that differentiates us from other people. Includes traits, behaviour, beliefs and actions.

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2
Q

Personality traits

A

Enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to or thinking about the world and self across contexts

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3
Q

Big 5 inventory

A

Self-report inventory designed to measure the Big Five dimensions - OCEAN model.

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4
Q

Neuroticism continuum

A

Negativity affectivity Emotional stability

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5
Q

Extraversion continuum

A

Extraversion Detachment

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6
Q

Openness continuum

A

Openness to experience Lucidity

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7
Q

Agreeableness continuum

A

Agreeableness Antagonism

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8
Q

Conscientiousness continuum

A

Conscientiousness Disinhibition

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9
Q

Negative affectivity

A
  • Is depressed, blue
  • Can be tense
  • Gets nervous easily
  • Is impulsive
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10
Q

Emotional stability

A
  • Handles stress well
  • Is emotionally stable
  • Remains calm in tense situations
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11
Q

Extraversion

A
  • Is talkative
  • Is full of energy
  • Is outgoing, sociable
  • Seeks excitement
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12
Q

Detachment

A
  • Is reserved
  • Tends to be quiet
  • Is sometimes shy
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13
Q

Openness to experience

A
  • Comes up with new ideas - more creative
  • Is ingenious, a deep thinker
  • Values artistic, aesthetic experiences
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14
Q

Lucidity

A
  • Prefers work that is routine

* Has few artistic interests

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15
Q

Agreeableness

A
  • Is helpful and unselfish with others
  • Is generally trusting
  • Is considerate and kind to almost anyone
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16
Q

Antagonism

A
  • Starts quarrels with others
  • Can be cold and aloof
  • Is sometimes rude to others
17
Q

Conscientiousness

A
  • Does a thorough job
  • Is a reliable worker
  • Does things efficiently
18
Q

Disinhibition

A
  • Can be somewhat careless
  • Tends to be disorganized
  • Is easily distracted
19
Q

Personality disorder

A

An enduring pattern of inner experience & behavior:

  • Pervasive across contexts - Inflexible; not based on situations, person always behaves in these ways
  • Persistent over time - onsets by early adulthood; stable over time
  • Pathological - Deviates markedly from cultural expectations; leads to distress/impairment
20
Q

DSM criteria of personality disorder

A

Manifested in 2+ of the following in DSM:

  • Cognition
  • Affectivity: Range and appropriateness of emotions
  • Interpersonal functioning: Relationships with others
  • Impulse control
  • Cannot be diagnosed before 18
21
Q

Diagnosis reliability of PD

A

Poor inter-rater, test-retest

22
Q

Diagnostic bias

A

Some disorders are diagnosed more frequently in men (e.g. antisocial), some are diagnosed more frequently in women (e.g. BPD). Gender affects the way people are diagnosed - problematic, because PDs are supposed to be stable.

23
Q

Overlap between PDs

A

PDs rarely occur on their own - lots of overlap between different PDs. Implies that diagnostic criteria don’t neatly place people in categories.

24
Q

PD clusters

A
  • Cluster A: odd or eccentric
  • Cluster B: dramatic, emotional or erratic
  • Cluster: anxious or fearful
  • Not based on theories or empirical research; clusters are due to sharing similar traits
25
Q

Cluster A

A
  • Paranoid
  • Schizoid
  • Schizotypal
  • Share similarities with schizophrenia; involve social withdrawal and isolation, but they aren’t out of touch with reality like schizophrenics
26
Q

Cluster B

A
  • Antisocial
  • Borderline
  • Histrionic
  • Narcissistic
  • Tend to be manipulative, volatile or uncaring; difficulties in interpersonal relationships and impulse control
27
Q

Cluster C

A
  • Avoidant
  • Dependent
  • Obsessive-compulsive
  • Lower self-esteem, anxiety, inability to make decisions
28
Q

Paranoid PD criteria

A

Pervasive distrust/suspiciousness of others. Motives interpreted as malevolent (4+ of below)

  • Suspects, without basis, that others are exploiting/deceiving
  • Unjustified doubts about loyalty/trustworthiness of others
  • Reluctant to confide in others due to intense fear of betrayal
  • Finds demeaning/threatening meaning in benign remarks
  • Persistently bears grudges
  • Perceives attacks on reputation & counter-attacks
  • Unjustified suspicions regarding fidelity of partner

Intro to Abnormal Psychology (7 decks)

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