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Intro to Abnormal Psychology > Dissociative Disorders > Flashcards

Dissociative Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Dissociation

A

Detachment from immediate surroundings, physical or

emotional reality, your memory, or sense of identity

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2
Q

Core features of dissociative disorders

A

Disruption in the usually integrated functions of:

  • Consciousness
  • Memory
  • Identity
  • Perception
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3
Q

How do dissociative disorders differ from the average person’s dissociative experiences (which are pretty common)?

A

Differs in:

  • Intensity
  • Frequency
  • Distress/impairment
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4
Q

Symptoms of dissociative disorders

A

Depersonalization: Detached from self
Derealization: Sense that surroundings aren’t real
Amnesia: For personal info or time
Identity confusion: Confusion and conflict over identity
Identity alteration: Behaviours inconsistent with core identity

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5
Q

Specific dissociative disorders

A
  • Dissociative fugue
  • Dissociative amnesia
  • Depersonalization disorder
  • Dissociative identity disorder
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6
Q

Dissociative fugue

A
  • Sudden, unexpected travel
  • Amnesia
  • Confused or new identity
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7
Q

Most cases of dissociative fugue

A
  • Short distance
  • No new identity
  • Brief (Hours or days)
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8
Q

Extreme cases of dissociative fugue

A
  • Travel far
  • New identity
  • Longer
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9
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

Loss of autobiographical memory for events, often due to traumatic event

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10
Q

Lorena Bobbitt

A
  • Cut off her husband’s dick after he raped her but had no memory of doing so
  • Could be because the brain isn’t encoding information
  • Could be to protect person from traumatic events
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11
Q

Types of amnesia

A
  • Organic amnesia
  • Psychogenic amnesia
  • Retrograde
  • Anterograde
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12
Q

Organic amnesia

A

Caused by injury to parts of brain related to aspects of memory

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13
Q

Psychogenic amnesia

A
  • Arises in the absence of any brain injury or disease
  • Has psychological causes
  • Typically not anterograde
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14
Q

Retrograde amnesia

A

Inability to remember information from the past

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15
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

Inability to form new memories (e.g. film Memento)

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16
Q

Depersonalization disorder

A
  • Persistent or recurrent depersonalization
  • Aware it is a feeling and not real
  • Caused by stress, sleep deprivation, drugs
  • Distress/impairment (must experience this in order to be diagnosed)
17
Q

DID

A

Two or more distinct personality states (alters) who recurrently take control of behavior

18
Q

Inter-identity amnesia

A

Inability to recall important personal information between alters

19
Q

How alters interact

A
  • Aware or unaware of one another
  • Like or dislike one another
  • Work together or have conflicting goals
20
Q

Types of alters

A
  • Host: “true” personality
  • Child (most common): May be created during trauma to take on role of victim
  • Persecutor: Inflicts self-harm
  • Protector: Perform tasks hosts cannot perform
21
Q

Challenges with DID

A
  • Most controversial disorder
  • Lack of research: Mostly from case studies (looks at one person) and you can’t rule out role-playing
  • Is it a valid disorder?: 75% of psychologists/psychiatrists say No
  • Also meet criteria for other disorders (e.g. depression, PTSD, personality disorders), so could be more extreme forms of them
22
Q

Posttraumatic model of DID

A
  • Dissociation = pathological reaction to stress
  • Trauma memories stored in alter
  • Compartmentalization of memories (interidentity amnesia)
  • Develops as a protective response to childhood trauma in particular
  • May be a form of CPTSD
23
Q

Weaknesses in posttraumatic model of DID

A

Not clear why trauma leads to DID rather than depression, PTSD or BPD

24
Q

If posttraumatic model of DID is correct, what do we expect to see?

A

Complete interidentiy amnesia

25
Q

Etiology of DID

A
  • Posttraumatic model

- Sociocognitive model

26
Q

Sociocognitive model of DID

A
  • DID used to explain life: Identities are somewhat consciously created by individuals
  • Media influences
  • Therapist is responsible for the symptoms (e.g. using hypnosis, reinforcing behaviours consistent with diagnosis, asking leading questions)
  • Dissociation, desire to please & creativity = vulnerability
  • Reinforced when they roleplay an alter
  • Amnesia as “metaphor”
  • Unrelated to childhood trauma

Intro to Abnormal Psychology (7 decks)

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