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Mental Health > Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Personality Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is a personality disorder?

A

Severe disturbances in the personality and behavioural tendencies, usually associated with considerable personal distress and social disruption

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2
Q

When do personality disorders usually manifest?

A

Childhood or adolescence, and continue into adulthood

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3
Q

Name some of the specific personality disorders

A
  • Paranoid personality disorder
  • Schizoid personality disorder
  • Dissocial personality disorder
  • Emotionally unstable personality disorder (aka borderline)
  • Histrionic personality disorder
  • Anankastic personality disorder
  • Anxious [avoidant] personality disorder
  • Dependent personality disorder
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4
Q

How can personality disorders be grouped? (SEA/WWW)

A

Into 3 clusters:
A-Suspicious or Weird
B-Emotional/Impulsive or Wild
C-Anxious or Worrier

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5
Q

How common are personlity disorders?

A

Roughly 1 in 20 people may have a personality disorder

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6
Q

What type of PD is dissocial PD?

A

Cluster B

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7
Q

What type of PD is emotionally unstable PD?

A

Cluster B

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8
Q

Which cluster of PDs is most common?

A

Cluster B

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9
Q

What commonly happens with personality disorders?

A

They are comorbid with other psychiatric diseases

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10
Q

What social factors can influence PDs?

A 
Socioeconomic status
War/Peace
Social Media
Culture
Climate
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11
Q

What biological factors can influence PDs?

A 
Genetics
Temperament
Physical appearance
Family makeup
IQ
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12
Q

What psychological factors can influence PDs?

A 
Siblings/parents
Relationships
Peers
Traumatic experiences
School/early life
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13
Q

What are the three Cluster A PDs?

A

Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal

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14
Q

What are the 4 Cluster B PDs?

A

Emotionally unstable, dissocial, histrionic, and narcissistic

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15
Q

What are the 3 cluster C PDs?

A

Avoidant, dependant, obsessive compulsive/anankastic

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16
Q

How does paranoid personality disorder present?

A
  • Excessive sensitivity to setbacks
  • Unforgiveness of insults
  • Suspiciousness and a tendency to distort experience by misconstruing the neutral or friendly actions of others as hostile or contemptuous
  • Recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding the sexual fidelity of the spouse or sexual partner
  • Combative and tenacious sense of personal rights
17
Q

How does schizoid personality disorder present?

A
  • Withdrawal from affectional, social and other contacts with preference for fantasy, solitary activities, and introspection.
  • There is a limited capacity to express feelings and to experience pleasure.
18
Q

How does schizotypal personality disorder present?

A

Eccentric behaviour and anomalies of thinking and affect which resemble those seen in schizophrenia, though no definite and characteristic schizophrenic anomalies occur at any stage.

19
Q

How does emotionally unstable personality disorder present?

A

A definite tendency to act impulsively and without consideration of the consequences; the mood is unpredictable and capricious. There is a liability to outbursts of emotion and an incapacity to control the behavioural explosions. There is a tendency to quarrelsome behaviour and to conflicts with others, especially when impulsive acts are thwarted or censored.

20
Q

What are the two types of EUPD?

A
  • Impulsive

- Borderline

21
Q

What are the characteristics of impulsive EUPD?

A

emotional instability and lack of impulse control

22
Q

What are the characteristics of borderline EUPD?

A

in addition by disturbances in self-image, aims, and internal preferences, by chronic feelings of emptiness, by intense and unstable interpersonal relationships, and by a tendency to self-destructive behaviour, including suicide gestures and attempts.

23
Q

How does dissocial personality disorder present?

A

Disregard for social obligations
Callous unconcern for the feelings of others
Gross disparity between behaviour and the prevailing social norms.
Behaviour not modified in adverse experience eg punishment

24
Q

How does histrionic personality disorder present?

A

Hallow and labile affectivity, self-dramatization, theatricality, exaggerated expression of emotions, suggestibility, egocentricity, self-indulgence, lack of consideration for others, easily hurt feelings, and continuous seeking for appreciation, excitement and attention.

25
Q

How does anxious/avoidant personality disorder present?

A

Feelings of tension and apprehension, insecurity and inferiority. There is a continuous yearning to be liked and accepted, a hypersensitivity to rejection and criticism with restricted personal attachments, and a tendency to avoid certain activities by habitual exaggeration of the potential dangers or risks in everyday situations.

26
Q

How does dependant personality disorder present?

A

Pervasive passive reliance on other people to make one’s major and minor life decisions, great fear of abandonment, feelings of helplessness and incompetence, passive compliance with the wishes of elders and others, and a weak response to the demands of daily life. Lack of vigour may show itself in the intellectual or emotional spheres; there is often a tendency to transfer responsibility to others.

27
Q

How does anankastic personality disorder present?

A

Feelings of doubt, perfectionism, excessive conscientiousness, checking and preoccupation with details, stubbornness, caution, and rigidity. There may be insistent and unwelcome thoughts or impulses that do not attain the severity of an obsessive-compulsive disorder.

28
Q

What is the IPDE?

A

International Personality Disorder Examination - tool used to help diagnose personality disorders

29
Q

How are personality disorders treated?

A

Psychological (talking) therapies

30
Q

How is medication used in personality disorders?

A

It isn’t unless there is another underlying pathology or diagnosis eg associated depression

31
Q

What is the IPQ-4?

A

Illness Perception Questionaire

32
Q

What therapies can be used to treat personality disorders?

A

Group therapy
Dialectical behavioural therapy
Mentalisation-based therapy
Transference approach therapy

Mental Health (17 decks)

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