Personality Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
The Two Main Characteristics of Personality Disorders
A
- Impairments of Self-Concept
- Impairments of Interpersonal Functioning
2
Q
Describe Impairments of Self-Concept
A
- Involves problems with self-identity and self-concept
3
Q
Normal Self-Identity
A
- Experience the self as unique
- Possess a stable positive self-esteem
- Capable to experience and manage a full range of emotions
4
Q
Impaired Self-Identity
A
- Over-identifying with others or over-emphasis of independence
- Threats to self-esteem result in pre-occupying emotions
- Distressing to experience a wide range of emotions
5
Q
Normal Self-Direction
A
- Pursuing Reasonable Goals
- Using appropriate standards of behaviour
- Ability to reflect on internal processes
6
Q
Impaired Self-Direction
A
- Existing goals are a means of gaining external approval
- personal standards may be unreasonably high, low, or unclear
- Life may feel meaningless
7
Q
Describe Impairments of Interpersonal Functioning
A
- Involves problems with empathizing and/or maintaining satisfying intimate relationships
8
Q
Normal Empathy
A
- Accurately understand others’ experiences and motivations
- Appreciating others’ perspectives
- Being aware of the effect that actions have on others
9
Q
Impaired Empathy
A
- Compromised ability to understand and appreciate other people’s experiences
- Too attuned to the experiences of others, but only with respect to the relevance of the self
- Lack of concern or confusion about the effect of one’s behaviour on others
10
Q
Normal Intimacy
A
- Maintaining multiple satisfying and enduring relationships
- Desiring and engaging in a number of caring, close relationships
- Striving for cooperation and mutual gain
11
Q
Impaired Intimacy
A
- Connections with others may be largely superficial or negative
- Intimate relationships may be based on meeting self-esteem needs
- Pervasive fears of rejection or desire for control
12
Q
Characteristics of Personality Disorders
A
- Enduring pattern is inflexible and pervasive
- The pattern is stable and of long duration
- Not better accounted for by another medical disorder
13
Q
The Four Higher-Order Clusters of Western and Colleagues
A
- Internalizing Spectrum
- Externalizing Spectrum
- Borderline-Dysregulated Spectrum
- Neurotic Styles
14
Q
Define Internalizing Spectrum
A
- Self-blaming
- Prone to anxiety and depression
15
Q
Personality Prototypes of the Internalizing Spectrum
A
- Depressive
- Anxious-Avoidant
- Schizoid-Schizotypal
