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MSII - Behavioral Science > Personality Disorder > Flashcards

Personality Disorder Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the definition of personality disorder

A

enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior

  • cognitive, emotional, interpersonal, and behavioral components
  • leads to distress or impairment
  • pervasive and inflexible
  • onset in adolescence or early adulthood and stable over time
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2
Q

what are the 4 humors of Hippocrates?

A

blood (Sanguine/happy)
black bile (melancoholic/sad)
phlegm (phlegmatic/lazy)
yellow bile (choleric/angry)

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3
Q

what are the 4 main character types of Wilhelm Reich (character armor)

A

narcissistic
masochistic (avoidant, dependent)
compulsive (overcontrolled emotion)
hysterical (undercontrolled emotion)

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4
Q

what are the clusters of personality disorders?

A

A: paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal (psychotic-like)
B: antisocial, histrionic, narcissistic, borderline (behavioral)
C: avoidant, dependent, obsessive compulsive (anxious)

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5
Q

explain what paranoid personality disorder is

A

cluster A (psychotic-like)

  • pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent, beginning in early adulthood
  • doesn’t occur exclusively during course of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder
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6
Q

what is schizoid PD?

A

cluster A (psychotic-like)

  • pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and restricted range of expression of emotions
  • does not occur exclusively during course of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder
  • looks similar to autism, as in seems off
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7
Q

what is schizotypal PD?

A

cluster A (psychotic-like)

  • pervasive pattern of interpersonal deficits marked by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior
  • -believing in ESP or that dreams tell the future
  • doesn’t occur exclusively during course of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder
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8
Q

what is antisocial PD?

A

cluster B (behavioral, dreaded disorders)

  • pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others occurring since age 15
  • evidence of conduct disorder before age 15
  • not exclusively during schizophrenia or manic episode
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9
Q

what is histrionic PD?

A

cluster B (behavioral, dreaded disorders)

  • pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking beginning in early adulthood, such as:
  • -sexually seductive or provocative behavior
  • -self dramatization, theatricality, exaggerated emotional expression
  • -is easily influenced by others
  • -considers relationships to be more intimate than they actually are
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10
Q

what is narcissistic PD?

A

cluster B (behavioral, dreaded disorders)

  • pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy and behavior) beginning in early adulthood
  • need for admiration
  • lack of empathy
  • sense of entitlement
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11
Q

what is borderline BD?

A

cluster B (behavioral, dreaded disorders)

  • pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood (>5/9 needed)
    1. franctic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment
    2. unstable and intense interpersonal relationships, alternating idealization and devaluation
    3. persistently unstable self-image or sense of self
    4. impulsivity that is potentially self-damaging
    5. recurrent suicidal behavior or threats, or self-mutilation
    6. mood lability and reactivity
    7. chronic feelings of emptiness
    8. frequent or intense anger outbursts
    9. transient paranoid ideation or severe dissociative symptoms
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12
Q

what is avoidant PD?

A

cluster C (anxious, but not anxiety-disorder)

  • pervasive pattern of social inhibition beginning in early adulthood
  • inhibited in social situations b/c of feelings of inadequacy
  • hypersensitivity to criticism or rejection
  • if severe, can be social anxiety disorder
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13
Q

what is obsessive-compulsive PD?

A

cluster C (anxious, but not anxiety-disorder)

  • by early adulthood:
  • -preoccupied with details, rules, lists, schedules
  • -perfectionism interferes with task completion
  • -excessively devoted to work and productivity
  • -scrupulous about morality, ethics, and values
  • -unable to discard worn-out objects
  • -micro-manages tasks (to stay in control)
  • -miserly spending style
  • -rigid and stubborn
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14
Q

what is dependent PD

A

cluster C (anxious, but not anxiety-disorder)

  • pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of beginning in early adulthood
  • indecisive, submissive, and clingy
  • difficulty expressing disagreement
  • lack of self-confidence, feeling of helplessness
  • goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance and support from others
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15
Q

what is the five factor model?

A
  1. extraversion
  2. neuroticism
  3. openness to experience
  4. conscientiousness
  5. agreeableness
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16
Q

what is the temperament and character inventory?

A
  1. novelty seeking
  2. reward dependence
  3. harm avoidance
  4. persistence
17
Q

what PD are more prevalent in men VS women?

A

men: antisocial
women: paranoid, avoidant, dependent

18
Q

what are risk factors for PD?

A

not married, impoverished, poorly educated

19
Q

what are prevalence rates for PD?

A

overall 15%, but vary by country, setting, and gender

20
Q

what are exacerbating factors/differential diagnoses for PD?

A

substances, medical/psychiatric disorders, stress, close relationships

21
Q

what is the etiology of personality disorders?

A

neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and neuroimaging

  • early maternal deprivation reduces CNS serotonin levels
  • -nursery-rearing doesn’t restore levels

genetic and environmental links

22
Q

does PD continue for life?

A

the traits may, but the PD may not

23
Q

what are treatments for cluster A PD?

A

paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal are not studied that much
-antipsychotic medication and psychotherapy may provide modest benefit

24
Q

what are treatments for cluster B PD?

A

antisocial, narcissistic, histrionic, and borderline can be treated with drugs or therapy

have modest effect from mood stabilizers and antipsychotics
-benzos exacerbate, and co-occuring conditions (MDD< anxiety) may respond poorly

for borderline PD, psychodynamic and cognitive behavioral models shown to be highly effective

25
Q

what are treatments for cluster C PD?

A

avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive

psychopharmacology for avoidant PD
efficacy for CBT and psychodynamic

MSII - Behavioral Science (18 decks)

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