Personality and Consequences Flashcards
What are personality traits used to predict in the past
lexical hypothesis
important personalities are coded in language
important = predicative to behaviour
formal examinations on personalities and abilities
educational context
occupational context
job performance
what is the general trait that predicts work achievement, and what are the predictors for: managerial, customer service and sales, and jobs that require effort (+occupational success)
general: conscientiousness and integrity tests (C+A)
managerial = extraversion, low neuroticism
sales = extraversion, low neuroticism
customer service = agreeableness, openness and low neuroticism
predicted job that require effort more than skill-related = conscientiousness
Occupational success = openness
what is the strongest predictor of achievement at work? Is it possible to increase the predictability of cognitive abilities
cognitive abilities (IQ)
yes by adding personality traits
e.g.,
cognitive abilities: r = .51
adding conscientiousness: r = .60
adding integrity test: r = .65
what is the strongest trait and what do personality traits predict in education achievement
congnitive ability
educational performance
conscientiousness and cognitive ability
cognitive ability less pertinent compared to working achievement
conscientiousness = the only trait that increases the predictive power
educational attainment
predicted by openness (makes sense since openness = curious and willing to learn more)
educational engagement
openness
choice of major
choice of major can be predicted by multiple personality traits
What are the three effects that explain the predictions of personality traits
direct effect
> the outcome = the direct outcome of the personality trait
indirect effect
> the prediction is led by the outcome of the personality trait
interactive effect
> the personality trait helps responding to the environmental circumstances
example of the effects
indirect effect
corker et al
academic performance
conscientiousness students = better
their study strategies = conscientious strategies
e.g.,: deep processing and persistence
interactive effects
extraverts = more incentivised by rewards, therefore better at sales and managerial roles
stewart hypothesises if sales is incentivised = sales boost but not customer retention
however, if customer retention is incentivised = customer retention is boosted but not sales
How do personality traits predict longevity and health behaviours
longevity
> if the level of conscientiousness = consistently high throughout life = longer longevity
> if the level of conscientiousness = consistently low throughout life = shorter longevity
health behaviours
> one of the main reasons why = conscientiousness is a positive predictor to most health-related events
> health check-ups: conscientiousness = +ve, whilst openness and extraversion = -ve and neuroticism = n-shaped
> change of conscientiousness level > change of health-related events > improved health
Type A personality (hostile people, one facet of agreeableness) = cardiovascular diseases. However, results are questionnable
What are the two effects that explain the relationship between personality traits and romantic relationships, and results supporting the effects
also, what personality traits lead to higher and lower divorce rate
actor effect: how do my personality traits affect the marital relationship
> higher a and c = less likely to cheat
> higher a and c = higher marital satisfaction
partner effect: how do my partner’s personality traits affect the marital relationship
> higher a and c = higher marital satisfaction
higher a and c = lower divorce rate
higher e, n, o = higher divorce rate
note that a few suggestions on divorce will actually change the personality trait of the person (agreeableness higher after divorce)
How can relationship dissolution be explained by relationship dynamics
looking at (actor effect, partner effect, combined effect) how effects can lead to relationship dissolution
factors > enduring dynamics (average satisfaction rate over time) / emergent dynamics (change of satisfaction)
personality consistency changes the enduring dynamics
what are the connections in the social dynamics framework (not fully tested)
personality > behaviour
behaviour > other’s immediate impression
other’s personality > other’s immediate impression
other’s immediate impression > other’s behaviour
other’s personality > other’s behaviour
other’s behaviour > self behaviour
behaviour > social context
social context > personality
what was the result (effect size and significance) of the reproducibility project and the LOORP project
Reproducibility project:
only 39% of the findings are replicated
and the effect size is roughly around 50% lower
LOORP project:
87% of the previous reported findings replicated
effect sizes were 75% as strong as the replicated findings
