Extra Materials Flashcards
what are the five levels of trait hierarchy
meta-traits > domains > aspects > facet > nuances
what are the two characteristics adaptation systems
McAdams
time (life stage)
place (environmental niche)
role (social niche)
DeYoung
goals (desired goals)
interpretation (appraisal of the current state)
strategies (plans to move between states)
what is the type A personality, the evidence that against the idea, and the one component that actually might make sense
type A personality = competitive, restless, ambitious
predicted to have a higher chance in having cardiovascular diseases
however, poor psychometric support
but hostility (one facet of agreeableness) = may predict cardiovascular diseases and mortality
low agreeableness and conscientiousness lead to ________, whilst high neuroticism leads to ___________
poor communicative strategies, negative emotionality
what are the differences between predictive validity and predictive power
predictive validity: if the measure predicts the item that sets out to predict
predictive power: what are the implications in practice
what is the straw person argument
the cross-situational variability of behavior is not incompatible with the effects of trait on behavior
what did the Borkeneau study show
stability of cross-situational behaviors increase
stability of the self and other-related personality with the behavior increased with aggregation
why did situationism debunk
the correlation is not weak
the principle of aggregation stands
there is consistency and flexibility in behaviors across different situation
personality is stable
what are the diamond framework
duty, intellect, adversity, mating, positivity, negativity, deception, sociality
what the three levels of narratives
dispositional (traits and temperaments) > characteristics (goals, personal strivings) > narrative (life story)
what are the three usages of making upward comparisons for more control
gaining information on how the task should be done
change expectation of what is possible
increase motivation
what are the five strategies of self-presentation
self-promotion: seeking for respect
supplication: seeking for compassion
intimidation: seeking for fear in others
ingratiation: seeking for affection
exemplification: seeking for emulation
what is attribution
the processes of attributing a behavior with a cause to explain the behavior (internal attribution: attributing to the person vs external attribution: attributing to the external factors)
the three elements to distinguish if the behavior is wrongly attributed to the person
free-chosen, unique outcome, unexpectedness
when is self-categorisation likely to happen
accessibility and salience
