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PSYC106 > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

1
Q

What is Personality

A

Thoughts, Feelings, Behaviour.

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2
Q

How do we study personality?

A

self-report, Other report, Biological, Behaviour, choices.

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3
Q

What is the Trait Approach?

A

identify fairly stable psychological and behavioural tendencies that differ between people.

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4
Q

What is the State Approach?

A

Identify temporary psychological and behavioural tendencies that differ between people.

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5
Q

True or false. Temporary states often relate to permanent traits

A

True.

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6
Q

What is the Type Approach?

A

Identify categories of people that differ in psychological and behavioural tendencies

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7
Q

What is one limitation to the Type Approach?

A

It can exaggerate small differences

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8
Q

What does the Bell Curve represent?

A

Most people are somewhere close to average

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9
Q

What are the big 5 personality traits?

A

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.

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10
Q

How do we judge personality?

A

Self-enhancement, “invisible” information, Environmental cues

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11
Q

What is a personality disorder?

A

A consistent trait that usually causes distress to the self or others. Usually extreme values of a trait.

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12
Q

What do personality psychologists want to understand?

A

Thoughts, Feelings, Behaviour

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13
Q

What is the self-enhancement bias?

A

Motivated to feel good about the self, Protects self-esteem, inflates personality scores on desirable traits.

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14
Q

What is Other-enhancement bias?

A

Protects esteem of others, Others reflect on the self, Inflates personality scores and judgments of close others

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15
Q

What is the Dunning-Kruger effect?

A

Those who can’t don’t know they can’t, everyone thinking they’re a bit above average. If you don’t know how to do something, you will tend to be unable to judge yourself correctly when doing a task.

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16
Q

What are two ways people could respond to the experimenter’s demand?

A

Psychological reactants (doing exactly the opposite)

Social desirability (the need to look good in front of others)

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17
Q

What are the weird participants?

A

People that are not usually studied

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18
Q

What is construct invalidity?

A

Are you measuring what you say you’re measuring?

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19
Q

What is Face validity?

A

Example: Do you trust Jacinda

-Seems superficially reasonable but might actually measure political attitudes instead of trust

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20
Q

What are examples are low reliability

A

questions don’t relate, questions don’t give the same answer over time

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21
Q

What are some replication issues?

A

Many Psychology studies don’t replicate, P hacking, Bad incentives, significant results more publishable than null results.

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22
Q

What are some ways to fix replication?

A

Pre-registration, Larger samples, Must change incentives.

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23
Q

What is the self?

A

Self-Knowledge, Interpersonal self, Agent self/Self-Control

24
Q

What is self-perception?

A

People observe their own behavior to infer what they are thinking and how they are feeling

25
What is 'the looking glass self'?
People learn about themselves from other people
26
What is 'the self-enhancement motive'?
People think they are better than average to protect self-esteem
27
What is 'the interpersonal self'?
The part of ourselves that interact with other people
28
What is 'free will'?
Self's control of actions & decision-making
29
What is self-regulation?
Regulating ourselves to complete goals
30
What is 'Trait Self control'?
Avoiding bad situations
31
What are examples of 'Impulse control'
Good relationships, Success, Better mental health, Less addictive behaviour.
32
How do people think in social situations?
Heuristics and Biases, Priming, Embodied Cognition.
33
What is an example of an Inconsistent Time Preference?
Present bais: "I will save tomorrow" Problem: It's always tomorrow!
34
What is the paradox of choice?
The idea is that the number of choices matter.
35
What is Framing?
People choose differently depending on how information is presented
36
What is Automaticity (Type 1 thought)?
Fast, intuitive, Subliminal
37
What is Control (Type 2 thought)?
Slow, "Rational", Consciously Accessible, Effortful
38
What is the anchoring effect?
Depending on the anchor we orovide, your decision might change
39
What is conformation bias?
The idea is that we are looking for information that confirm what we already know to be true
40
What is Priming?
The idea that things in our environement can have subtle effects on our behaviour
41
What is embodied social cognition?
Body movements correspond with thought content
42
What is social cognition
Thoughts influenced by the situation.
43
What does cultural animal mean?
People survive and thrive via culture
44
What is a 'collectivist' in cultural psychology?
Self's connection with others, Emphasize on helping others, Team player
45
What is an 'individualistic' in cultural psychology?
Self's being different from others, Emphasize on individualism, stand out, Excel above the group.
46
What is a tight culture?
Rigid adherence to rules and norms.
47
What is a loose culture?
Flexible with rules and norms.
48
What is a socio-culture theory?
Cultural learning determines how people, think, feel, behave. People learn from cultural role models.
49
What do socio-cultural theories predict?
Differences between cultures
50
What do evolutionary theories predict?
Similarities between cultures.
51
True or False. Traits that help survival and reproduction tend to be passed on.
True
52
What is the evolution of morality?
Morality is for cooperation. More likeable if you cooperate, and more likely to attract males.
53
People will only cooperate if....
Fair outcomes, cheaters punished, cooperators rewarded.
54
Trolley problem: Don't push the fat man and let the 5 people die is an example of?
Deontological reasoning (don't murder)
55
What was Zimbardo's conclusion to the standard prison experiment?
Power structure breeds abuse, Powerful situation can cause anti social behaviour
56
What were some of the problems with the Stanford Prison experiment?
Ethics, sample not representative, Zimbardo played active role in study.

PSYC106 (6 decks)

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