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PSYC106 > Abnormal part 2 > Flashcards

Abnormal part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Who is Philippe Pinel (1745-1826)?

A

Father of modern psychiatry

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2
Q

What did Dorthea Dix do in the 19th century?

A

Reform the U.S system and introduced kindly care

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3
Q

What happened to psychiatric care in the 20th Century?

A

Deinstiutionalization, care began to become more humane, people were integrated back into the community instead of being in asylums

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4
Q

What is the history of psychiatry care in NZ?

A

Most mentally ill people were kept in prison (1840s), seen as incurable, by 1990s most psychiatric hospitals were closed.

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5
Q

What are some current places of treatment?

A

Public or private mental hospitals, general hospitals, nursing homes, community health centres

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6
Q

Who are some of the providers of treatment?

A

Psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, counselling psychologists, counsellors, social workers, nurses, self-help groups.

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7
Q

What is Psychotherapy?

A

Psychotherapy is a systematic interaction between a client and a therapist that incorporates psychological principles to help bring about changes a client.

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8
Q

What sort of changes is psychotherapy aiming to help a client achieve?

A

Changes in behaviours, thoughts and feeling.

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9
Q

What does Psychotherapy result in?

A

Client overcomes abnormal behaviour, solve problems in living, develop as an individual

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10
Q

What are the common features in therapy?

A

Attentive listening, empathy, nonverbal behaviours, instilling hope, positive expectancies.

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11
Q

What is the concept called when someone improves without treatment?

A

Natural improvement

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12
Q

What is a placebo?

A

An inert substance or procedure that has been applied with expectation that a healing response will be produced

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13
Q

What is Reconstructive memory?

A

People receiving treatment retrospectively recall they were worse before treatment.

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14
Q

Does psychotherapy help?

A

Yes, but no single type of therapy stands out clearly better than other types

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15
Q

What therapies are available?

A

Psychodynamic, humanistic and existential, cognitive behavioural (CBT), group, biological.

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16
Q

What did Sigmund Feud (1856-1939) do?

A

Founded psychoanalysis

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17
Q

What is psychoanalysis?

A

The process of revealing the unconscious

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18
Q

What is Free association?

A

When the client reports every thought that enters the mind, without censoring or filtering.

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19
Q

What is Replicability?

A

A measure should yield the same results regardless of who administers the test

20
Q

What is Validity?

A

When results consistently map onto the attribute that the test is designed to measure

21
Q

What are the steps in psychoanalysis?

A

Confrontation, Clarification, Interpretation and working through

22
Q

What is Transference?

A

When the patient’s unconscious feelings about a person in their life experienced as feelings toward the therapist

23
Q

What is Countertransference?

A

Therapists own reactions transferred to the patient

24
Q

What does modern psychodynamic theory focus on?

A

is an approach to psychology that emphasizes systematic study of the psychological forces that underlie human behavior, feelings, and emotions

25
What are the key features of therapy?
Empathy, unconditional positive regard and genuineness
26
What does gestalt therapy focus on?
Helps the person to become aware of thought, behaviours, experiences and feelings. Also focuses on the here and now.
27
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28
What do cognitive and behavioural therapies focus on?
Focus on current factors that contribute to problems
29
Specifically what does behaviour therapy focus on?
Focuses on observable symptoms, assumes disordered behaviour is learned, based on CLASSICAL and OPERANT conditioning.
30
What is classical conditioning?
Pavlov: looks before the cause
31
What is operant conditioning?
Skinner: Looks after the cause, reinforcement and punishment
32
What techniques are applied to behaviour therapy?
Eliminating unwanted behaviours, promoting desired behaviours, reducing unwanted emotional responses.
33
How do people help eliminate unwanted behaviours?
Aversion therapy, use of operant conditioning and aims to develop avoidance behaviours
34
How do people promote desired behaviours?
Operant conditioning, shaping, extinction.
35
How do people reduce unwanted emotional responses?
Systematic desensitization, exposure therapy and modeling.
36
What is the goal of Systematic Desensitisation?
To overcome an avoidance pattern by gradual exposure to the phobic object until it can be tolerated.
37
What are the three phases of Systematic Desensitisation?
Learning deep muscle relaxation, develop a fear hierarchy, work up the fear hierarchy using relaxation to reduce anxiety.
38
What is Modelling?
Persons learns behaviour by observing and imitating others
39
What does cognitive therapy do?
helps the person identify and correct distorted or unhelpful thinking that leads to emotional and behavioural problems.
40
What does ABC stand for in abnormal psychology?
``` A= activating event in the environment B= belief triggered in clients mind by event C= emotional consequence of the belief ```
41
What does Cognitive and Behavioural therapies (CBT) focus on?
Focuses on dysfunctional thoughts and maladaptive behaviours
42
What disorders could benefit from CBT?
Anxiety, Depression, panic attacks, addictions, eating disorders, anger and phobias
43
What is group therapy?
Group of unconnected individuals, benefit of group context, recognise problems are not unique, less costly
44
What does family therapy aim to do?
Investigate faulty communication and interactional styles within family
45
What does Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and Transcrinial magnetic stimulation (TMS)treat ?
Severe depression
46
What does phototherapy treat?
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
47
What does Psychosurgery do?
destroy parts of the brain and create small lesions to disprupt pathways

PSYC106 (6 decks)

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