Development

Question 1

What is Psychology?

Answer 1

Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Question 2

What is a Theory?

Answer 2

A theory is a general set of principles proposed to explain how a number of separate factors are related.

Question 3

What is developmental psychology?

Answer 3

Developmental psychology is the study of continuity and change across the lifespan.

Question 4

What are the Domains of Development?

Answer 4

Physical, Cognitive, Psychosocial.

Question 5

What does development include?

Answer 5

Growth, Stability, Decline.

Question 6

What are the Four Goals of Developmental Psychology?

Answer 6

Describe, Explain, Predict, Modify/influence.

Question 7

What are the Major issues in Development?

Answer 7

Nature and nurture, Critical periods and plasticity, Continuity and discontinuity, Universality and specificity.

Question 8

What is Nature?

Answer 8

The influence on development of heredity

Question 9

What is Nurture?

Answer 9

The influence on development of the environment

Question 10

What are the three critical periods in development of Schizophrenia?

Answer 10

Conception, Early development, later development.

Question 11

What percentage of the population does Schizophrenia affect?

Answer 11

1%

Question 12

What is Cognition?

Answer 12

Mental processes of learning, perception, recognition, memory and comprehension that allow one to successfully interact with the environment.

Question 13

What are the stages of Prenatal development?

Answer 13

Germinal (0-2 weeks), Embryonic (3-8 weeks), Fetal (week 9-birth)

Question 14

What happens during the Embryonic stage?

Answer 14

Cell division, Major organs begin to form, Heart begin to beat, blood is circulated.

Question 15

What happens during the Fetal stage (Week 9-birth)?

Answer 15

Growth of the fetus, development of fully differentiated organs and tissue, the foetus is less susceptible to toxins

Question 16

What happens during Prenatal behaviour?

Answer 16

Newborns can remember prenatal stimuli and react accordingly, response to sounds and vibrations appear as early as Week 25.

Question 17

What happens during Later Prenatal Development?

Answer 17

Nuerons begin to fire, eyes open and close, head can move towards light.

Question 18

What are Teratogens?

Answer 18

Any substance that causes abnormality following fetal exposure during pregnancy

Question 19

What is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)?

Answer 19

A group of abnormalities in a baby, whose mother has consumed alcohol during pregnancy.

Question 20

What are Critical periods in development?

Answer 20

When a particular part of the body is most easily influenced or vulnerable

Question 21

What are sensitive periods?

Answer 21

Opportuinites for certain types of learning

Question 22

What are the five reflexes in development?

Answer 22

Suck, Moro, Babinskis, walking, Grasp.

Question 23

What Did Jean Piaget (1896-1980) focus on?

Answer 23

Focused on observation of babies interacting with their environment.

Question 24

What was Piagets theory on Cognitive Development?

Answer 24

Children’s reasoning and understanding emerge natually in stages.

Question 25

What is Piagets four stages of Cognitive Development?

Answer 25

Sensorimotor, Pre-operational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational.

Question 26

What happens in the Sensorimotor stage?

Answer 26

Newborns develop a conceptual understanding of objects.

Question 27

What is intercessory integration?

Answer 27

The need to integrate the sensual experiences

Question 28

What is Object permanence?

Answer 28

Objects continue to exist when they are not there?

Question 29

What can children do at the Pre-Operational Stage?

Answer 29

Plan, Recall past experiences, Execute multiple step behaviours, Use Symbols

Question 30

What is conservation?

Answer 30

Ability to understand that a quantity will remain the same despite adjustment to the quantity's form.

Question 31

What is Centration

Answer 31

Tendency to focus on one aspect of a situation and neglect others.

Question 32

What happens during the Concrete stage of development?

Answer 32

increased problem solving, increased perspective taking, increased domain knowledge

Question 33

What is Decenter?

Answer 33

To think simultaneously about several aspects

Question 34

what are Reversible relationships?

Answer 34

The process that causes a change can be reversed.

Question 35

What happens during Piagets stage of Formal Operations?

Answer 35

Abstract though, Metacognition, Scientific problem solving.

Question 36

What were some of the criticisms Piaget received from his Theory?

Answer 36

Underestimated the development of young children, some children develop object-performance earlier than Piaget thought, Pre-Operational children may be less egocentric than Piaget believed, individual differences suggest that children of similar ages will cary widely across stages.

Question 37

What is Vygotskys Sociocultural Theory?

Answer 37

Human learning is a social process and social interaction plays a fundamental tole in the development of cognition, therefore learning is culturally meditated.

Question 38

What is Vygotskys Meditational Model of Cognitive Development?

Answer 38

IV: individual DV: Learning M (Mediator): Culture

Question 39

What does MKO stand for? And what does it Mean?

Answer 39

More Knowledgeable Other. Someone who has a higher ability level than the learner

Question 40

What is Zone of Proximal Development?

Answer 40

Difference between what a child can achieve independently and what they can achieve with MKO

Question 41

What are the two forms of Adolescent Egocentrism?

Answer 41

Imaginary audience and personal fable.

Question 42

What declines in Adulthood?

Answer 42

Subcortical connections of pre frontal cortex-controlled processing, Working memory, Episodic memory, Retrieval of information.

Question 43

What is Fluid Intelligence?

Answer 43

The ability to solve problems, figure out what to do when one is not sure what to do, and acquire

Question 44

What is Crystallized intelligence?

Answer 44

The use of acquired skills and knowledge, Accumulated information and verbal skills.

Question 45

What is longitudinal research?

Answer 45

Based on samples studied over time

Question 46

What is Cross-sectional Research?

Answer 46

Make comparisons at a single point in time, based on groups of children from different ages.