Personality Flashcards
Unique pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that persists over time and across situations
Personality
4 categories of personality theory
Psychodynamic
Humanistic
Trait
Cognitive
Psychodynamic
Behavior results from the psychological dynamics that occur outside of our conscious awareness
Study of psychic energy and how it is transformed into behavior
Focus is on unconscious determinants of behavior
ID
Present at birth
Completely unconscious
“Pleasure principle”- wants immediate gratification, gets pleasure through reflexes and fantasy
Ego
Id’s link to reality
Controls thinking and reasoning
Works in conscious, pre conscious, and unconscious
“Reality principle”- seems to gratify Id in a safe and successful way
Not always socially acceptable
Superego
Works in conscious mind
“No”
Uses guilt as weapon
Libido
Energy created by our sexual instincts
3 stages of personality
Oral, anal, phallic
Carl Jung
Libido is all life force
Personal unconscious- repressed thoughts, forgotten experiences that can come to the surface if triggered
Collective unconscious- memories and behavior patterns are inherited through generations
Bruno Bettelheim
Looked for collective unconscious through folklore and fairytale
Anima
Female archetype expressed in man
Animus
Male archetype expressed in female
Rational
Thinking and feeling
Allows us to decide and to judge
Irrational
Intuition and sensation
Karen Horney
Environment and social factors shape personality
Need for basic security, response to real or imagined threats
Anxiety
Response to threats
Can be Motivating force
Not having needs met in childhood
Submission
Moving towards people
Aggression
Moving against people
Detachment
Moving away from people
Erik Erickson
Children must feel competent and valuable in their own eyes as well as society’s
Loved discipline
Face death with minimum fear at full maturity
Humanistic psychology
Positively motivated and progress toward a higher level of functioning
We are all personally responsible for our lives and their outcome
Alfred Adler
Positive view of humans
Social perfection
Compensation- an individuals attempt to overcome physical weakness
Inferiority complex
Weakness does NOT have to be real
Ability to master their own fate
Father of humanistic psychology
Carl Rogers
Everyone is born with certain potentials
Goal is to fulfill the genetic blueprint
Actualizing tendency
Seeking to become the best you can be
Fully functioning people
Self directed
Brought up with “UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD”
^treated with warmth respect and acceptance
Trait theories
Focus on present and seek to describe the ways adult personalities differ
People differ according to the degree in which they possess certain personality traits
Traits
Consistent behavior pattern or way of responding across a variety of situations and over time
Cognitive theory
Behavior is the product of the interaction of how we think about a situation, how we view our behavior in that situation learning from the past and the environment
Bandura
Learn by watching others
Self efficiency
The belief that you can do it
Projective tests
Answer comes from in you
Sentences for a picture
Before, after
Memorado personality test
How we perceive the world
