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Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

Personality

A
  • Pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world
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2
Q

Psychodynamic

A
  • Perspectives: views emphasizing that personality is primarily unconscious (beyond our awareness)
    • aspects of our personality are “unconscious” because they must be
    • understand personality, must understand deep inner workings of the mind
    • adult is the reflection of childhood experiences
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3
Q

Id

A
  • The part of the person consisting of unconscious drives; the individual’s reservoir of sexual energy. (urges pressing for expression; no contact with reality)
    • Pleasure principle: always seeks pleasure
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4
Q

Ego

A
  • Structure of personality that deals with the demands of reality (higher mental functions: reasoning, problem solving, decision making)
    • Reality principle: brings pleasure within norms of society
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5
Q

Superego

A
  • Serves as the harsh internal judge of our behavior; what we often call conscience
    • Perfection Principle: Quest for Perfection
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6
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A
  • Tactics the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality (anxiety comes from the Id and Superego)
    • Denial, Displacement, Sublimation, Projection, and Repression
    • We are not aware we are using defense mechanisms, when used in moderation that are not considered unhealthy
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7
Q

Denial

A
  • Ego refuses to acknowledge anxiety producing realities
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8
Q

Displacement

A
  • Directing unacceptable impulses at a less threatening target
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9
Q

Sublimation

A
  • Expression of unconscious desires in a socially valued way
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10
Q

Projection

A
  • We see impulses in others that we fear or despise in ourselves
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11
Q

Repression

A
  • Push unacceptable impulses back into the unconscious mind
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12
Q

Horney Sociocultural Approach

A
  • Need for security, not for sex, is the prime motive in human existence
  • Viewed psychological health as allowing the person to express his or her talents and abilities freely and spontaneously
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13
Q

Jung Analytical Theory

A
  • Believed personality goes back to the dawn of human existence
    • Collective Unconscious, Archetypes
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14
Q

Collective Unconciousness

A
  • Impersonal, deepest layer of the unconscious mind, shared by all human beings because of their common ancestral past
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15
Q

Archetypes

A
  • Emotionally laden ideas and images in the collective unconscious that have rich and symbolic meaning for all people
  • They emerge in (art, literature, religion, dreams) used to help people understand themselves
  • They are predispositions to respond to the environment in particular ways
    • Anima- Feminine side
    • Animus- Masculine Side
    • Persona- Public mask we all wear during social interactions
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16
Q

Adler Individual Psychology

A
  • People are motivated by purposes and goals
  • People have the ability to take their genetic inheritance and their environmental experiences and act upon them creatively to become the person they want to be
  • Key points: determined by current & past experiences, best understood developmentally (stages), our experiences shape personality, unconscious exists, inner vs. outer creates conflict (anxiety), and adjustment (how we adjust) is constantly in question.
17
Q

Humanistic

A
  • Individuals have the capacity for personal growth and positive human qualities
18
Q

Carl Rogers

A
  • Believed with the right conditions, we can all strive (sunflower example)
  • Unconditional Positive Regard, Conditions of Worth, Self Concept
19
Q

Unconditional Positive Regard

A
  • Individuals need to be accepted, valued, and treated positively regardless of his or her behavior
20
Q

Conditions of Worth

A
  • Standards individuals must live up to in order to receive positive regard from others
21
Q

Self Concept

A
  • Conscious representation of who we are and who we wish to become, during childhood.
  • Reflects our genuine, innate desires, but can be influenced by others
22
Q

Promote Optimal Functioning

A
  • Unconditional positive regard, empathy, and genuineness
23
Q

Trait Theories

A
  • Personality consists of broad, enduring dispositions (traits) that tend to lead to characteristic responses (dominant approach the last few decades)
24
Q

Big Five Factors of Personality

A
  • Traits that are thought to describe the main dimensions of personality
    • Neutroticism: feeling negative emotion more than positive emotion, and experience more negative states. These individuals tend to suffer in silence (hard to detect)
    • Extraversion: more likely to engage in social activities, experience gratitude, show a strong sense of meaning in life, more forgiving, easily identified
    • Openness: liberal values, tolerance, creativity, superior cognitive functioning and IQ across the life span
    • Agreeableness: generosity, altruism, religious faith, more satisfied in romantic relationships, view people positively
    • Conscientiousness: key to grade point averages, better quality of friendships, higher level of religious faith, forgiving attitude
25
Q

Subject Well Being

A
  • Assessment of his or her own level of positive affect relative to negative affect and the individuals evaluation of his or her life in general
26
Q

Social Cognitive Perspective

A
  • Theoretical views emphasizing conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals
27
Q

Cognitive Affective Processing Systems

A
  • Individuals thoughts and emotions about themselves and the world affect their behavior and become linked in ways that matter to that behavior
28
Q

Biological Perspective

A
  • Physiological processes influence personality
29
Q

Eysenck Reticular Activation System

A
  • Introversion and extroversion are behavioral patterns that regulate arousal around the individuals baseline level
  • Introverts were move internally stimulated than extroverts
  • Extroverts seek out more external stimulation than introverts to balance their system whereas introverts try to stay away from additional stimulation so they will not become overloaded
30
Q

Psychodynamic

A
  • Unconscious processes, childhood experiences
31
Q

Humanistic

A
  • Evolves out of person’s motives to grow and actualize themselves
32
Q

Social Cognitive

A
  • Pattern of interactions in life one encounters
33
Q

Trait

A
  • Characterized by 5 general traits used in natural language people use to describe themselves
34
Q

Life Story

A
  • Our life story is our identity
35
Q

Biological

A
  • Reflect underlying biological processes

Psychology (5 decks)

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