Personality

Question 1

Define personality.

Answer 1

Enduring patterns of thought, feelings, motivations and behaviours that are expressed in different circumstances.

Question 2

What are the two types of psychological approaches to understanding psychological phenomena?

Answer 2

content models

Process models

Question 3

What are the 3 levels of personality?

Answer 3

Level 1: Traits (most generic)

Level 2: Values (more personal)

Level 3: Life narratives (most personal)

Question 4

Define Values.

Answer 4

• Beliefs pertaining to desirable goals and means
• transcend specific situations
• guide our behaviors
• vary in importance

Question 5

What are Life narratives?

Answer 5

• internalised stories about our past, present, and future

- Integrates out traits, values, concerns, dreams and personal histories

Question 6

what are the 10 values of the Schwartz model?

Answer 6

1. Universalism
2. Benevolence
3. Tradition
4. Conformity
5. Security
6. Power
7. Achievement
8. Hedonism
9. Stimulation
10. Self-direction

Question 7

What are the 3 personality types of the Dark Triad?

Answer 7

Psychopathy: egocentric, superficial charm, lacking empathy/guilt

Narcissism: Highly self-centred, perception of self-superiority/entitlement

Machiavellianism: Manipulative, deceitful, for personal gain

Question 8

Traits of the 5 Factor Model

Answer 8

Openness (intellectual curiosity/indepence)
- imaginative, daring, curious, original
Conscientiousness (organised, persistent, dependable)
- hardworking, reliable, persevering
Extroversion (outgoing, sociable)
- talkative, friendly, fun-loving, sociable
Agreeableness (Compassionate and trusting of others)
- soft-hearted, courteous, trusting, selfless
Neuroticism (Emotionally variable/impulsive)
- nervous, worrying, self-conscious

Question 9

How are personality and traits used in the workplace?

Answer 9

• considering job-personality “fit”
• identify desirable personality for a job
• use of personality surveys during recruitment process

Question 10

explain the issue of context-dependence?

Answer 10

personality is the enduring patterns of behaviours that are expressed in different circumstances

one’s personality depends on the context of a situation

Question 11

explain self-other consistency

Answer 11

the reliability of judgement of one’s personality

• consistency is reasonable between self and other judgement, but varies across factors