Health, Stress and Coping

Question 1

Define health

Answer 1

the complete state of well-being

• physical
• mental
• social

Question 2

what is wellness?

Answer 2

the state of optimum health

Question 3

how do you measure the health of the population

Answer 3

epidemiology
- the study of frequency, distribution and cause of disease in a population based on an investigation of physical/social environment

Question 4

define Morbility

Answer 4

number of cases of a disease that exists at some given point in time

Question 5

define incidence

Answer 5

number of new cases t a given time

Question 6

define prevalence

Answer 6

total number of existing cases a a given time

Question 7

define mortality

Answer 7

number of deaths due to a particular cause

Question 8

What is the health belief model

Answer 8

suggests that health behaviours are predicted by:

• perceived susceptibility
• perceived severity
• benefits and barriers
• cues to action

Question 9

What’s the theory of reasoned action

Answer 9

• a socio-cognitive view
• an individual’s attitude towards health behaviour and subjective norms influence their intentions to perform the behaviour

Question 10

whats the Theory of planed behaviour?

Answer 10

Theory of reasoned action with added perceived behavioural control

Question 11

Transtheoretical model

Answer 11

tailoring messages depending on a persons readiness for change

stages of change

• pre-contemplation
• contemplation
• preparation
• action
• maintenance

Question 12

barriers to modify poor health behaviours?

Answer 12

• poor health habits become ingrained
• cumulative damage
• unhealthy behaviours

Question 13

what accounts of instability of health behaviours?

Answer 13

• different health habits controlled by different factors
• different factors control same behaviour in different people
• factors may change over the history of the behaviour
• factors change across lifetime
• health behaviours patterns vary across lifetime of each person

Question 14

interventions for people at risk

Answer 14

• early identification of poor health habits

- knowledge to help individuals monitor their situation

Question 15

explain stress as a psychobiological process

Answer 15

• stress has both psychological and physiological components and consequences
• understanding the physiological components of stress requires us to consider both the nervous system and the endocrine system

Question 16

what is the process of stress

Answer 16

Stressor -appraisal> Stress -coping> outcome

Question 17

What appraises stress?

Answer 17

• threat (event or stimulation)
• primary appraisal (deciding the situations relevance, +ve or -ve)
• secondary appraisal (decide how to cope with the challenge)
• Perceived lack of control is just as bad as actual lack of control

Question 18

explain problem-focused coping stratagies

Answer 18

actions that have a goal of changing or eliminating the stressor

Question 19

explain emotion-focused coping strategies

Answer 19

• shifting attention away from the stressor
• seek social support
• distancing, acknowledging the stressor and minimising its emotional impact
• denial, refusing the problem exists
• positive reappraisal, try to minimise and create positive meaning for personal growth

Question 20

Psychosocial approches to stress

Answer 20

• motivational interviewing
• cognitive behavioural therapy
• drugs
• stepped care is recommended